EFFECT OF AGING OF POLLUTANTS FOR SOIL ON BIOAVAILABILITY

土壤污染物老化对生物利用度的影响

• 批准号: 6239637
• 负责人: MARTIN ALEXANDER
• 金额: $ 11.34万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-04-01 至 1998-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6239637
• 关键词: alkanes; benzene; biotransformation; biphenyl compounds; environmental contamination; environmental toxicology; ground water; hazardous substances; industrial waste; microorganism; mutagen testing; naphthalenes; nonwater solvent; phenanthrene; polystyrenes; soil pollution; toluene; water pollution

During the prolonged period that many organic pollutants react in soil, they appear to become sequestered and their behavior changes. This sequestration or aging affects their susceptibility to biodegradation, extractability, and toxicity. However, the means presently do not exist to predict the extent of change in bioavailability with time for any organic compound. Hence, a study is proposed (1) to determine the properties of organic compounds and of soils that govern how aging-in soil affects bioavailability in terms of extractability, biodegradability, and toxicity; and (2) to establish the feasibility of using biodegradation and extraction methods to predict toxicity of organic compounds in soil. Plant (seed germination, root elongation), microbial (nitrification, Ames Salmonella mutant reversion), and invertebrate (acute toxicity to Eisenia foetida) toxicity tests will be employed as a suite applicable to soil-borne hazardous wastes. In addition, studies will be conducted on the mechanisms by which aging occurs, with attention to both porous and non-porous media (synthetic and natural), soil properties, and pore size, tortuosity, and distribution. Emphasis will be on some 25 14C-labeled compounds for which property- outcomes relationships and shifts in known rate and extent of biodegradability may be related to measures of toxicity and sequestration.

许多有机污染物在土壤中长期发生反应， 他们似乎变得与世隔绝，行为也发生了变化。这 隔离或老化会影响其生物降解的敏感性， 可萃取性和毒性。但目前还不存在这样的手段 预测任何生物利用度随时间变化的程度 有机化合物。因此，建议进行一项研究 (1) 以确定 有机化合物和土壤的特性决定了老化的方式 土壤影响可提取性方面的生物利用度， 生物降解性和毒性； (2) 确定可行性 使用生物降解和提取方法来预测毒性 土壤中的有机化合物。植物（种子发芽、根伸长）、 微生物（硝化作用、艾姆斯沙门氏菌突变体回复），以及 无脊椎动物（对赤爱胜蚓的急性毒性）毒性试验将 作为适用于土​​源危险废物的套件。在 此外，还将研究衰老的机制 发生，注意多孔和无孔介质（合成和 自然）、土壤性质以及孔径、曲折度和分布。 重点将放在一些 25 14C 标记的化合物上，其特性- 结果关系以及已知比率和程度的变化 生物降解性可能与毒性和 封存。