From the bottom to the top: identifying natural geological linkages from deep formations to the surface

在英国，从深层地质构造到地表的联系在整个有记载的历史中都是已知和开发的。自上世纪60年代以来，英国一直享受着国内石油和天然气供应的好处，但大部分焦点和大部分产量都来自海上储备。陆上石油生产虽然存在，但直到最近才受到人们的关注，因为页岩和其他致密地层的陆上石油和天然气（OOG）具有商业开发的潜力。对环境和人类健康的适当管制和保护对于成功利用这些机会至关重要，这取决于在可靠的科学证据基础上对这些作业的风险的了解。不幸的是，我们目前对现有自然联系的了解是不完整的，要么是因为数据不存在，要么更可能是因为数据没有得到适当的编译。将被检查的潜在途径包括断层、不整合面、沉积联系、喀斯特系统、钻孔、矿井和矿山。该项目建议使用国家地质模型，特别是GB3D基岩栅栏图（http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/ukgeology/nationalGeologicalModel/GB3D.html由英国地质调查局与环境局联合编制）和其他数据来源和模型来开发一个国家模型，该模型将支持OOG行业的监管，从而确保环境可持续开发。该项目将采取分阶段的办法，从广泛征求用户意见、确定方法和对国家现有数据集和模型进行编目开始。这些数据和模型将在一个三维地球科学信息系统中综合，以开发一个原型源-途径-受体分析工具。该工具将在现实世界的场景中进行测试，并将在成功的英国地质勘探局技术（如英国地质勘探局http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/viewer.html）的基础上开发一种能够向广泛用户传播信息的传送系统。BGS土拨鼠GSIS http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/environmentalModelling/groundhogDesktop.html和含水层页岩分离应用http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/shaleGas/aquifersAndShales/maps/separationMaps/home.html。

Linkages from deep geological formations to the surface in England have been known and exploited throughout recorded history. Since the 1960s, the UK has enjoyed the benefits of a domestic supply of oil and gas but most of the focus and much of the production has been from offshore reserves. Onshore oil production, though it exists, has received much less attention until recently, with the potential for commercial exploitation of onshore oil and gas (OOG) from shales and other tight formations. Appropriate regulatory control and protection of the environment and human health will be crucial to any successful exploitation of these opportunities and will rely on understanding the risks of these operations based on sound scientific evidence. Unfortunately our current knowledge of existing natural linkages is incomplete, either because the data doesn't exist, or more likely because it hasn't been compiled appropriately. Potential pathways that will be examined include faults, unconformities, sedimentary linkages, karst systems, boreholes, mineshafts and mines.The project proposes to use the National Geological Model, in particular the GB3D Bedrock Fence Diagram (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/ukgeology/nationalGeologicalModel/GB3D.html compiled by the British Geological Survey in conjunction with the Environment Agency) and other data sources and models to develop a national model that will support regulation of the OOG industry, thereby ensuring environmentally sustainable exploitation. The project will follow a staged approach starting with an extensive user consultation, the establishment of the methodology and the cataloging of nationally available datasets and models. The data and models will be synthesised in a three-dimensional Geoscience Information System to develop a prototype source - pathway - receptor analysis tool. This tool will be tested in real world scenarios, and a delivery system enabling the dissemination of the information to a wide range of users will be developed building on successful BGS technology such as the Geology of Britain Viewer http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/viewer.html, the BGS Groundhog GSIS http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/environmentalModelling/groundhogDesktop.html and the Aquifer Shale Separation application http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/shaleGas/aquifersAndShales/maps/separationMaps/home.html.