Private water supplies in Wales: information to support public health priorities

威尔士的私人供水：支持公共卫生优先事项的信息

• 批准号: NE/N01751X/1
• 负责人: Elizabeth Louise Ander
• 金额: $ 12.43万
• 依托单位: British Geological Survey
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN01751X%2F1
• 关键词: Private; water; supplies; Wales; information

Private water supplies (PWS) are used by a significant proportion of households in some British regions. Chemical and physical factors both have the potential to impact upon the well-being of PWS users.The chemical quality of PWS can vary greatly, dependent on the composition of the surface or groundwater from which they are drawn, and the infrastructure and treatment of the water supply. Recent Public Health England/NERC-BGS research has shown that PWS users often do not treat to improve chemical quality, or do not maintain their treatment systems. PWS tap water quality cannot be assumed to be improved from its natural state, and may be significantly worse than drinking water standards. It is important stakeholders across all scales (household, local and national) better understand the distribution of factors which influence water quality.We have established that current efforts to assess national and regional water quality priorities in Wales are hindered by a two-way knowledge barrier. Stakeholders are unaware of the large NERC data resource which could be used in their assessments, whilst NERC data holders do not have sufficient understanding of stakeholders' needs, and how the data can be most usefully presented and disseminated. Barriers to direct uptake of this NERC data include: the current format (hard-copy or digital documents); chemical element mapping formats (which may divide the concentration range into arbitrary intervals and not show thresholds of relevance to users); bespoke indices using more than one variable are needed (e.g. plumbosolvency); and, resource pressures on public body officers (e.g. time, expertise, computing, GIS).A further problem exists which NERC data can contribute to resolving. Assembling the evidence base to determine what, if any, action should be undertaken at national or regional scales is compromised by the lack of systematic registration, in any database, of the most prevalent type of PWS, i.e. "Single Domestic Dwellings" (SDDW). SDDW users are not compelled to register their supply with the Local Authority, and in Wales, 85% of registered PWS are SDDWs. There is widespread awareness, at all levels of governance, that there are considerably more than the officially recorded 12,242 SDDWs. Improved estimates of the locations of these properties, can help national and local government assess, and prioritise, risks arising from geospatially controlled factors (e.g. high metal concentration and vulnerability to drought). Recent NERC-funded research has built a spatially resolved, predictive model of the likely occurrence of PWS in Wales. In order to fulfil its potential impact, this work now needs to be shared with the key stakeholders at regional and national level. Specific examples will be developed that indicate regions where large numbers of PWS users coincide with expected high risks of events (e.g. flooding, drought) under future weather scenarios, and allow an improved understanding of pressures on marginal aquifers.Sustained inter-organisational and inter-personal communication will ensure the successful progress of this project. At an overarching level this will be achieved through active participation in an existing national forum, the Water Health Partnership, and by undertaking short-term secondments into key Local Authority and public body offices (Public Health Wales, Dwr Cymru Welsh Water, Natural Resources Wales, Powys County Council). Outward facing communication, of agreed key messages, is embedded into later activities. Web, mobile and selected more traditional mechanisms will be used to ensure that outreach is as equitable and widespread across private water supply users as possible. Project reports will be available in both English and Welsh.KEYWORDS: private water supply; lead; drought; flooding; manganese; public health.

在英国的一些地区，很大一部分家庭使用私人供水。化学和物理因素都有可能影响废水用户的健康。废水的化学质量可能差异很大，取决于它们所取自的地表或地下水的成分，以及供水的基础设施和处理。最近英国公共卫生/NERC-BGS的研究表明，PWS用户通常不进行治疗以提高化学质量，或者不维护其治疗系统。PWS自来水的水质不能被认为比其自然状态有所改善，并且可能比饮用水标准差得多。重要的是，所有规模的利益相关者（家庭，地方和国家）更好地了解影响水质的因素的分布。我们已经确定，目前在威尔士评估国家和区域水质优先事项的努力受到双向知识障碍的阻碍。利益相关者不知道可用于其评估的大量NERC数据资源，而NERC数据持有者对利益相关者的需求以及如何最有效地展示和传播数据没有足够的了解。直接获取NERC数据的障碍包括：（硬拷贝或数字文件）;化学元素绘图格式（可能将浓度范围划分为任意区间，不显示与用户相关的阈值）;需要使用一个以上变量的定制指数（例如，管道偿付能力）;以及公共机构官员的资源压力（例如，时间、专门知识、计算、地理信息系统）。收集证据以确定在国家或区域范围内应采取的行动（如果有的话），由于没有在任何数据库中系统登记最普遍的PWS类型，即“单一家庭医生”（SDDW），因此受到影响。SDDW用户不必向地方当局登记他们的供应，在威尔士，85%的登记PWS是SDDW。各级政府普遍认识到，SDDW的数量远远超过官方记录的12，242个。改进对这些财产位置的估计，可以帮助国家和地方政府评估和优先考虑由地理空间控制因素（例如高金属浓度和易受干旱影响）引起的风险。最近NERC资助的研究已经建立了一个空间分辨的预测模型，预测威尔士PWS的可能发生。为了发挥其潜在影响，这项工作现在需要与区域和国家一级的主要利益攸关方分享。将制定具体的例子，表明在未来的天气情况下，大量的PWS用户与预期的高风险事件（如洪水，干旱）相吻合的地区，并允许对边缘含水层的压力有更好的理解。持续的组织间和个人间的沟通将确保该项目的成功进展。在总体层面上，这将通过积极参与现有的国家论坛-水健康伙伴关系，以及短期借调到主要的地方当局和公共机构办公室（威尔士公共卫生、威尔士水资源、威尔士自然资源、波伊斯县理事会）来实现。商定的关键信息的面向外部的沟通被嵌入到以后的活动中。将使用网络、移动的和选定的更传统的机制，以确保在私营供水用户中尽可能公平和广泛地推广。项目报告将以英语和威尔士语提供。关键词：私人供水;铅;干旱;洪水;锰;公共卫生。