U-Alert

U-警报

• 批准号: NE/N020677/1
• 负责人: Dominic Kniveton
• 金额: $ 2.55万
• 依托单位: University of Sussex
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN020677%2F1
• 关键词: Alert

Key words: Africa, floods, heat waves, air pollution, climate change adaptation, mobile data, satellite, remote sensing, urban, riskSummary:Africa is one of the most vulnerable continents in the world to climate change with widespread low adaptive capacity and resilience. Climate change is already exacerbating many development challenges such as endemic poverty and inequality, ecosystem degradation, natural hazard related disasters and food security. The frequency and severity of extreme climatic events including droughts and intense rainfall events has increased in recent years. These climatic events are now having a significant impact on people's lives and livelihoods causing deaths and damage from heat waves, flooding and air pollution. Climate change is also making these events more unpredictable and difficult to manage, especially in densely populated urban environments where emergency services and infrastructure is often inadequate and thus unable to respond to rapidly changing situations and multiple simultaneous pressures.At the same time, urban areas are becoming increasingly populated as people migrate from rural areas in search of better employment opportunities and a standard of living. Due to this sudden influx of people (and expansion of urban areas and slums), many vulnerable people are being forced on settle on marginal land such as flood plains and steep slopes and thus being placed at greater risk. There is a growing demand for new forms of environmental monitoring to better predict and be able to respond extreme climatic events. Unfortunately, many regions in Africa are characterised by poor environmental data and sparse weather stations, there is a lack of observations to validate and downscale climate change projections, accurately predict and assess impacts as well inform short/long term adaptation strategies. Many cities and infrastructure users in Africa are reliant on the services and expertise of international and national experts constrained by data limitations, who are reliant on coarse resolution climate data and projections which can result in misinterpretation and misinformation being issued. There is thus a pressing need for better localised hazard prediction systems to monitor and manage the impacts of extreme events such as flooding, heat stress and air pollution, informed from and delivered directly to at risk populations.It has been demonstrated that signals sent between mobile phone antennas can provide an alternative means to measure rainfall intensity and duration in situations where in-situ data isn't available. This data can be combined with hazard models to predict the degree and extent of flooding in urban areas. Furthermore, other studies have demonstrated that accurate air temperature information can be derived from internal smartphone sensors and by measuring battery discharge fluctuations. Simultaneously, satellite derived aerosol measurements can provide information on air pollution and public health risks. The combination of the aforementioned mobile derived data and remote sensing techniques can be used to warn urban populations of impending climate risks. The growing number and use of mobile phones in developing countries allows SMS warnings and advice to be delivered to those in need of this information, as well as a means to collect data on essential climate variables through the creation "citizen observatories". This project aims to assess the feasibility and scope of bringing together such technologies to collect information of urban risk and vulnerability, analyse it to produce warnings and deliver it directly to mobile phone users in affected areas in an "easy-to-action" message.

关键词：非洲，洪水，热浪，空气污染，气候变化适应，移动数据，卫星，遥感，城市，风险摘要：非洲是世界上最容易受到气候变化影响的大陆之一，适应能力和适应能力普遍较低。气候变化已经加剧了许多发展挑战，如普遍存在的贫困和不平等、生态系统退化、与自然灾害有关的灾害和粮食安全。近年来，包括干旱和强降雨事件在内的极端气候事件的频率和严重性有所增加。这些气候事件现在正在对人们的生活和生计产生重大影响，造成热浪、洪水和空气污染造成的死亡和破坏。气候变化也使这些事件变得更加不可预测和难以管理，特别是在人口稠密的城市环境中，应急服务和基础设施往往不足，因此无法应对迅速变化的情况和多重同时面临的压力。与此同时，随着人们从农村地区迁移到城市，以寻求更好的就业机会和生活水平，城市地区的人口正变得越来越多。由于人口的突然涌入(以及城市地区和贫民窟的扩大)，许多弱势群体被迫在洪泛平原和陡坡等边缘土地上定居，从而面临更大的风险。人们对新形式的环境监测的需求越来越大，以便更好地预测和应对极端气候事件。不幸的是，非洲许多区域的特点是环境数据差，气象站稀少，缺乏观测来验证和缩小气候变化预测、准确预测和评估影响以及为短期/长期适应战略提供信息。非洲的许多城市和基础设施用户依赖于受到数据限制的国际和国家专家的服务和专门知识，这些专家依赖于分辨率较低的气候数据和预测，这可能导致误解和发布错误信息。因此，迫切需要更好的本地化危险预测系统，以监测和管理洪水、热应力和空气污染等极端事件的影响，这些影响来自高危人群并直接发送到高危人群。已经证明，在无法获得现场数据的情况下，移动电话天线之间发送的信号可以提供一种替代方法来测量降雨强度和持续时间。这些数据可以与灾害模型相结合，预测城市地区洪水的程度和程度。此外，其他研究表明，通过智能手机内部传感器和测量电池放电波动，可以获得准确的气温信息。同时，卫星获取的气溶胶测量可以提供有关空气污染和公共健康风险的信息。上述移动衍生数据和遥感技术的结合可用于警告城市人口即将面临的气候风险。在发展中国家，移动电话的数量和使用越来越多，这使得短信警告和建议可以传递给那些需要这些信息的人，还可以通过创建“公民观测站”来收集有关基本气候变量的数据。该项目旨在评估将这些技术结合起来收集城市风险和脆弱性信息的可行性和范围，分析这些信息以产生警告，并以“易于采取行动”的信息直接发送给受影响地区的移动电话用户。

项目成果

Urban-Alert (U-Alert): Evaluating the potential design and impact of an integrated mobile-based early warning system for extreme events in developing urban areas.

Urban-Alert (U-Alert)：评估发展中城市地区极端事件综合移动预警系统的潜在设计和影响。

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Green, M