EFFECTS OF LEARNING ON SPEECH REPRESENTATION IN AUDITIORY CORTEX

学习对听觉皮层言语表征的影响

• 批准号: 6243882
• 负责人: CHRISTOPH SCHREINER
• 金额: $ 13.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-05-15 至 1998-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6243882
• 关键词: animal communication behavior; auditory cortex; auditory discrimination; behavioral /social science research tag; biological signal transduction; cats; cerebral cortex; computer data analysis; confocal scanning microscopy; electrophysiology; ethology; histology; learning; neural information processing; neural plasticity; neuroanatomy; psychophysics; sensorimotor system; speech

The primary auditory cortex (AI) of mammals shows several superimposed functional organizations when explored with simple signals such as pure tones. Basic spatial organizations have been described now for stimulus frequency, bandwidth, spectral envelope, frequency modulations, and binaural interaction. The consequences of these organizations for the cortical representation of complex signals, in particular of elemental speech signals, is of special interest since similar principles may provide the basis for the perception and categorization of speech in humans. The representational principles will be explored with elemental speech signals in AI of naive cats and cats that have acquired high behavioral affinity to the signals. The behavioral relevance of the studied complex signals will be established by engaging the animals in a psychophysical task of signal discrimination and generalized classification. The task will be performed under varying stimulus and environmental conditions such as by using different stimulus intensities and different levels of background noise. These manipulations are designed to force the animal to utilize more generalized classification schemes that operate independent from signal level and bachground conditions, thus approaching human discrimination and classification abilities. Determining the cortical representation of elemental speech sounds with distinct phonetic features in naive and highly trained animals will illuminate basic attributes of complex signal representations as well as more refined attributes after learning to discriminate and classify the signals. The emergence of refined spatial-temporal patterns of cortical activity by learning-induced plasticity provides a basic model of speech representation. The proposed model can potentially be extended to developmental aspects of early cortical processes for speech sound representation and can be applied to the exploration of the basic auditory processes underlying the perception and categorization of distinct phonetic features.

哺乳动物的主要听觉皮层（AI）显示了几个 当用简单探索时，叠加功能组织 信号，例如纯音。 基本的空间组织已经 现在描述了刺激频率，带宽，光谱的描述 包膜，频率调制和双耳相互作用。 这 这些组织对皮质代表的后果 复杂的信号，特别是元素语音信号，是 特殊利益，因为类似的原则可能会为 人类言语的看法和分类。 这 代表原理将通过基本语音探讨 在幼稚的猫和猫AI中的信号已经获得了高 对信号的行为亲和力。 行为相关性 研究的复杂信号将通过接合动物来建立 在信号歧视和广义的心理物理任务中 分类。 该任务将在不同的刺激下执行 和环境条件，例如使用不同的刺激 强度和不同级别的背景噪声。 这些 操纵旨在迫使动物使用更多 独立运行的广义分类方案 信号水平和巴希环条件，因此接近人类 歧视和分类能力。 确定皮质 具有独特语音的元素语音的表示 幼稚和训练有素的动物的特征将照亮基本 复杂信号表示的属性以及更精致的 学会区分和分类信号后的属性。 皮质的精制时空模式的出现 通过学习引起的可塑性活动提供了一个基本模型 语音表示。 提出的模型可能是 扩展到早期皮质过程的发展方面 语音表示表示，可以应用于探索 感知和 分类不同的语音特征。