Monitoring the impact of the 2015/16 El Nino on rural water insecurity in Ethiopia: learning lessons for climate resilience

监测2015/2016年厄尔尼诺现象对埃塞俄比亚农村水不安全的影响：吸取气候适应力的经验教训

• 批准号: NE/P004881/1
• 负责人: Alan MacDonald
• 金额: $ 32.04万
• 依托单位: British Geological Survey
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP004881%2F1
• 关键词: Monitoring; impact; 2015; 16; El

The developing drought in Ethiopia is linked to the ongoing strong 2015-2016 El Niño event and is leading to widespread food and water insecurity in the region, particularly for the large numbers of people living in remote rural areas. Whilst there is a well-developed national and international response to food insecurity, the failure of local springs and wells, the primary source of water in these areas, has caught many off guard, with growing evidence that migration is driven by water shortage. Research in east Africa during and since the last major El Niño drought in the late 1997/98, indicates that access to reliable groundwater sources is a major contributory factor to improving livelihood resilience, particularly of the poorest.This current El Niño-related drought in Ethiopia, provides an important research opportunity to: (i) gather robust evidence of the behaviour under stress of shallow groundwater sources (mountain springs, valley springs, wells, boreholes); (ii) monitor the timing, magnitude and contamination issues associated with recovery; and (iii) assess the coping strategies developed by family groups and communities as water points fail. Methods developed since the last major El Niño event make this possible, for example: robust inexpensive sensors for continuously measuring groundwater levels, novel rapid methods for indicating pathogen contamination and a new suite of groundwater residence time indicators. With this new evidence it will be possible to ensure vulnerable communities become more resilient to future droughts by: identifying resilient designs of water point; targeting mapping efforts to areas to identify vulnerable areas, and contributing to the design of early warning systems. The research brings together an experienced team from BGS, ODI, and AAU, all of whom are currently working in Ethiopia, supported by partners in the meteorological department at the University of Reading and various implementation partners in Ethiopia.

埃塞俄比亚的干旱与2015-2016年持续强烈的厄尔尼诺现象有关，导致该地区普遍存在粮食和水不安全问题，特别是对生活在偏远农村地区的大量人口而言。虽然各国和国际社会对粮食不安全问题采取了完善的应对措施，但这些地区的主要水源-当地泉水和威尔斯的枯竭使许多人措手不及，越来越多的证据表明，移徙是由缺水造成的。在1997/98年后期厄尔尼诺现象造成的上一次严重干旱期间和之后在东非进行的研究表明，获得可靠的地下水源是改善生计复原力的一个主要因素，特别是改善最贫穷者的生计复原力，埃塞俄比亚目前与厄尔尼诺现象有关的干旱提供了一个重要的研究机会，以便：（i）收集浅层地下水源在压力下的行为的有力证据（山泉、谷泉、威尔斯、井眼）; ㈡监测与恢复有关的时间、规模和污染问题; ㈢评估家庭团体和社区在供水点失效时制定的应对战略。自上次重大厄尔尼诺事件以来开发的方法使这一点成为可能，例如：用于连续测量地下水位的可靠廉价传感器，指示病原体污染的新的快速方法和一套新的地下水停留时间指标。有了这一新的证据，就有可能确保脆弱社区对未来的干旱具有更强的复原力，具体做法是：确定具有复原力的供水点设计;将绘图工作针对确定脆弱地区的地区，并促进预警系统的设计。这项研究汇集了来自BGS，ODI和AAU的经验丰富的团队，他们目前都在埃塞俄比亚工作，由阅读大学气象部门的合作伙伴和埃塞俄比亚的各种实施合作伙伴提供支持。

项目成果

Evidence in the Horn of Africa of the resilience of rural water supply to drought

非洲之角农村供水抗旱能力的证据

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: MacDonald AM

Why drought programmes in Ethiopia should support communal access to groundwater

为什么埃塞俄比亚的干旱计划应支持公共获取地下水

• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: The Conversation
• 作者: MacAllister DJ

GROUNDWATER, SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS AND EQUITABLE GROWTH

地下水、可持续生计和公平增长

• DOI: 10.1130/abs/2021am-369133
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: MacDonald A

Groundwater and resilience to drought in the Ethiopian highlands

埃塞俄比亚高地的地下水和抗旱能力

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab282f
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Environmental Research Letters
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: MacDonald A

Groundwater for Sustainable Livelihoods and Equitable Growth

地下水促进可持续生计和公平增长

• DOI: 10.1201/9781003024101
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Re V