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Managing tropical agricultural ecosystems for resistance and recovery of ecosystem processes

管理热带农业生态系统以抵抗和恢复生态系统过程

基本信息

批准号：
NE/P00458X/1
负责人：
Edgar Turner
金额：
$ 30.42万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP00458X%2F1
关键词：
Managing tropical agricultural ecosystems resistance

项目摘要

Oil palm plantations have expanded rapidly over the last few decades and represent a significant threat to global biodiversity. This is largely because oil palm is a tropical crop and its increased production has often come at the expense of biodiverse tropical rainforest. However, oil palm is a extremely productive crop, producing a much higher volume of vegetable oil yield per hectare than other oil crops and contributing significantly to the economies of the countries that produce it. Maximising sustainable production is therefore a conservation as well as an economic priority, as increased production in existing agricultural areas may reduce expansion elsewhere and spare remaining forest habitats. A major concern within the oil palm sector is the effect of extreme weather events, such as current El Niño event, on oil palm productivity. This is particularly marked in Southeast Asia, where the majority of palm oil is produced, and which suffers reduced rainfall during El Niño years, reducing palm oil production.The role of biodiversity within oil palm ecosystems has received little research attention, although it is clear that some species that live within plantations may increase production, for example by contributing to important ecosystem processes, such as pollination, decomposition and control of pests. Although oil palm houses far fewer species than the tropical rainforest it replaces, it is still complex compared to most agricultural systems, with a diverse understory of herbaceous plants and numerous epiphytes growing on the oil palm trunks. It is also a very long-lived crop, with replanting taking place approximately every 25 years. There is, therefore, considerable scope for management practices to increase biodiversity levels within oil palm plantations, with potential benefits for important ecosystem processes and crop yield. Such an increase in biodiversity may have a particular benefit in El Niño years, as this may make ecosystem processes more resistant to climatic variation and enable faster recovery following the drought.This project investigates the impact of the current El Niño event on biodiversity, ecosystem processes and yield within oil palm plantations in Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. We also experimentally investigate the potential role of different understory management and replanting strategies in reducing the severity of changes in biodiversity and ecosystem processes, and speeding recovery times following the El Niño event. Findings from this work will be of direct relevance to both agricultural practitioners and to the conservation community and will lead to specific management recommendations for improving the sustainable production of this globally-important crop.

油棕榈种植园在过去几十年中迅速扩大，对全球生物多样性构成重大威胁。这在很大程度上是因为油棕榈是一种热带作物，其产量的增加往往以牺牲生物多样性的热带雨林为代价。然而，油棕榈是一种高产作物，每公顷植物油产量远高于其他油料作物，对生产国的经济贡献巨大。因此，最大限度地实现可持续生产既是一项保护工作，也是一项经济优先事项，因为在现有农业地区增加产量可能会减少其他地区的扩张，并保留剩余的森林栖息地。油棕部门的一个主要关切是极端天气事件，如目前的厄尔尼诺现象，对油棕生产力的影响。这一点在东南亚尤为明显，因为大部分棕榈油都是在那里生产的，在厄尔尼诺年，那里的降雨量减少，棕榈油产量减少。生物多样性在油棕榈生态系统中的作用很少受到研究的关注，尽管很明显，生活在种植园中的一些物种可能会增加产量，例如通过促进重要的生态系统过程，如授粉，分解和控制害虫。虽然油棕榈比它所取代的热带雨林物种少得多，但与大多数农业系统相比，它仍然很复杂，油棕榈树干上生长着各种各样的草本植物和许多附生植物。它也是一种非常长寿的作物，大约每25年重新种植一次。因此，管理做法在提高油棕种植园内的生物多样性水平方面有相当大的空间，对重要的生态系统进程和作物产量有潜在的好处。这种生物多样性的增加在厄尔尼诺年可能特别有益，因为这可能使生态系统进程更能抵抗气候变化，并使干旱后能够更快地恢复，本项目调查目前的厄尔尼诺事件对印度尼西亚苏门答腊廖内省油棕种植园的生物多样性、生态系统进程和产量的影响。我们还通过实验研究了不同的林下管理和重新种植策略在减少生物多样性和生态系统过程变化的严重性，以及加快厄尔尼诺事件后的恢复时间方面的潜在作用。这项工作的结果将直接关系到农业从业人员和保护社区，并将导致具体的管理建议，以改善这种全球重要作物的可持续生产。