Unseen but not unfelt: resilience to persistent volcanic emissions (UNRESP). Case study from Masaya volcano, Nicaragua

看不见但并非感觉不到：对持续火山排放的恢复能力（UNRESP）。

• 批准号: NE/P015271/1
• 负责人: Evgenia Ilyinskaya
• 金额: $ 19.2万
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP015271%2F1
• 关键词: Unseen; but; unfelt; resilience; persistent

Even when volcanoes are not erupting ash or lava, their persistent volcanic emissions (PVE) can be highly hazardous. PVE are extremely rich in acids (for example sulphur dioxide gas), fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and heavy metals, presenting a serious and persistent source of air pollution. UNRESP foundation phase will be based at Masaya volcano in Nicaragua, one of the biggest volcanic polluters in the world, which has been causing severe air pollution in populated areas for many centuries. UNRESP seeks to reduce the impact of Masaya's PVE on the local populations by introducing early warning and mitigation procedures for episodes when volcanic air pollution reaches hazardous levels.Over 30 countries on the Official Development Assistance list (ODA) may be suffering from PVE, yet, this hazard remains loverlooked by the Disaster Risk Reduction community in developing countries of the Global South. Most of the existing knowledge and best practices on dealing with PVEC originates from locations in the Global North, such as Hawaii, Italy and Japan, leaving major gaps in their institutional applications to Global South contexts. While Masaya will be used as a pilot location, the results will be applicable to other areas in Nicaragua impacted by PVE, and translatable to other countries. We are aiming to build early-warning procedures which are highly applicable and easily accessible to the populations at risk, and to improve the communication between scientists, decision makers and the local communities. We will apply a stakeholder-first approach, which enables and encourages the local communities to be involved in the building of the resilience strategies.UNRESP combines the expertise of a large and highly interdisciplinary group of UK and Nicaraguan researchers across volcanology, environmental sciences, history, human geography, sociology and anthropology. We have two volcano observatories as project partners, including Nicaragua's INETER. UNRESP also involves project partners representing the remit of public health to which our findings will be highly relevant. The project's objectives will be met through collection of new data and a review of pre-existing information, as well as through discussions and active collaboration at Nicaragua-based workshops and outreach activities.

即使火山没有喷发火山灰或熔岩，其持续的火山排放物（PVE）也可能是高度危险的。PVE含有大量的酸（例如二氧化硫气体），细颗粒物（PM2.5）和重金属，是严重和持久的空气污染源。UNRESP基金会的基础阶段将设在尼加拉瓜的马萨亚火山，该火山是世界上最大的火山污染源之一，数百年来一直在人口稠密地区造成严重的空气污染。UNRESP旨在通过在火山空气污染达到危险水平时引入早期预警和缓解程序，减少马萨亚的PVE对当地居民的影响。官方发展援助名单（ODA）上的30多个国家可能正在遭受PVE，然而，全球南部发展中国家的减灾社区仍然对这种危害充满了兴趣。关于处理PVEC的大多数现有知识和最佳做法源自全球北方地区，如夏威夷、意大利和日本，在全球南方背景下的机构应用方面存在重大差距。虽然马萨亚将被用作试点，但其结果将适用于尼加拉瓜受PVE影响的其他地区，并可推广到其他国家。我们的目标是建立高度适用和容易为面临风险的人口所利用的预警程序，并改善科学家、决策者和当地社区之间的沟通。UNRESP结合了英国和巴布亚新几内亚的火山学、环境科学、历史学、人文地理学、社会学和人类学研究人员组成的大型跨学科研究小组的专业知识。我们有两个火山观测站作为项目合作伙伴，包括尼加拉瓜的INETER。UNRESP还涉及代表公共卫生职权范围的项目合作伙伴，我们的调查结果将与之高度相关。该项目的目标将通过收集新数据和审查现有资料以及通过在尼加拉瓜举办的讲习班和外联活动中进行讨论和积极合作来实现。

项目成果

Increased respiratory morbidity associated with exposure to a mature volcanic plume from a large Icelandic fissure eruption.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22432-5
• 发表时间: 2021-04-12
• 期刊: Nature communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Carlsen HK;Ilyinskaya E;Baxter PJ;Schmidt A;Thorsteinsson T;Pfeffer MA;Barsotti S;Dominici F;Finnbjornsdottir RG;Jóhannsson T;Aspelund T;Gislason T;Valdimarsdóttir U;Briem H;Gudnason T
• 通讯作者: Gudnason T

"We used to grow more crops here; now we can only grow pineapples and dragon fruit": impacts of persistent volcanic emissions on agriculture in Nicaragua

“我们以前在这里种植更多农作物，现在只能种植菠萝和火龙果”：持续火山排放对尼加拉瓜农业的影响

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Francis H

Sustainable research on a Central American volcano

中美洲火山的可持续研究

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Caravantes G

Effect of aerosol composition on the performance of low-cost optical particle counter correction factors

气溶胶成分对低成本光学粒子计数器校正因子性能的影响

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-2019-370
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Crilley L

Increased respiratory morbidity associated with exposure to a mature volcanic plume from a large Icelandic fissure eruption

与暴露于冰岛大裂缝喷发的成熟火山羽相关的呼吸道疾病发病率增加

• DOI: 10.17863/cam.66866
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Carlsen H