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Resilience or resistance? Negotiated mitigation of landslide risks in informal settlements in Medellin

坚韧还是抵抗？

基本信息

批准号：
NE/P015557/1
负责人：
Harry Smith
金额：
$ 20.25万
依托单位：
Heriot-Watt University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP015557%2F1
关键词：
Resilience resistance Negotiated mitigation landslide

项目摘要

Urbanisation continues to drive the growth of informal settlements on land exposed to hazards, increasing risk particularly among low-income populations, and heightening the need to improve the resilience of such communities. Informal settlements growing up steep hillsides and ravines are particularly exposed to landslides, which are a major cause of death in developing countries. In order to reduce disasters, we need to anticipate these through managing risk. Many ways of managing landslide risk are known, ranging from building physical protection barriers to raising awareness to prepare communities. However, in developing countries these measures are often difficult to implement, not only because of lack of resources but also due to complex social, economic, political and institutional reasons. This project aims to explore the scope for, and acceptability of, landslide risk-reducing strategies for informal settlements from the community and state perspectives; to understand the barriers to landslide risk-reducing strategies; and identify politically and practically viable approaches to landslide risk-reducing strategies within a wider and more complex context of social and physical risk.We will explore these issues in the city of Medellin, Colombia, which has received many accolades for its urban planning and design and has become a 'model' for cities elsewhere. Despite the city's successes, informal settlement growth on land at risk of landslides continues to be a major problem due to its topography. Lessons learnt about landslide risk management in this city have the potential to be easily disseminated across the developing world.In Medellin, despite the awareness of risk raised by key tragic landslides in its recent history and the arguments used by the City Administration to relocate parts of informal settlements based on geological studies, the residents of these areas resist relocation and protest that the local government has other motives. The project will work in NE Medellin, where there is a high concentration of 'at risk' settlements, and in particular in Comuna 8, where disagreements between community and public agencies are most pronounced.Using focus groups and semi-structured interviews in Comuna 8, we will explore the perceptions of risk and related narratives within the community and among relevant public sector agencies, and the implications of such perceptions and narratives for the adoption of risk-mitigating strategies and actions. This will help us understand the differences between these perceptions which may hinder agreement over risk-mitigation measures. We will then train community members from selected 'at risk' neighbourhoods in order to pilot and test simple landslide risk monitoring and mitigation techniques at the community and individual household level, and the participants will evaluate the experience together with other agencies. The findings from these activities will then be reflected on by workshops bringing together community, public sector and third sector across what has been designated as a 'Strategic Intervention Area' (NE Medellin) in order to explore viable ways of achieving joint decision-making around landslide risk mitigation. The project will provide: (1) a functioning pilot community-managed landslide risk mitigation monitoring scheme, which will serve as a model to be replicated elsewhere after improvements based on the evaluation; (2) pilot individual house risk-mitigating improvements as exemplars in the (informal) community; (3) raised understanding and awareness of perceptions of risk and techniques and strategies that can mitigate landslide risk in informal settlements through collaborative action; (4) and identification of key questions around the interaction between technical, social, cultural and organisational knowledges to address in further research on landslide risk mitigation.

城市化继续推动面临灾害的土地上非正规住区的增长，增加了风险，特别是低收入人群的风险，并更加需要提高这些社区的抵御能力。陡峭山坡和峡谷上的非正规住区特别容易发生山体滑坡，这是发展中国家死亡的一个主要原因。为了减少灾害，我们需要通过风险管理来预测这些灾害。管理山体滑坡风险的方法有很多，从建立实体保护屏障到提高意识以做好社区准备。然而，在发展中国家，这些措施往往难以实施，不仅因为缺乏资源，而且还因为复杂的社会、经济、政治和体制原因。该项目旨在从社区和国家的角度探讨非正规住区山体滑坡风险降低策略的范围和可接受性；了解减少山体滑坡风险战略的障碍；并在更广泛、更复杂的社会和自然风险背景下确定政治上和实践上可行的减少山体滑坡风险策略的方法。我们将在哥伦比亚麦德林市探讨这些问题，该市因其城市规划和设计而获得许多赞誉，并已成为其他城市的“典范”。尽管该市取得了成功，但由于其地形，在面临山体滑坡风险的土地上非正规定居点的增长仍然是一个主要问题。这座城市的山体滑坡风险管理经验教训有可能很容易在整个发展中国家传播。在麦德林，尽管近年来发生的重大悲剧性山体滑坡引发了人们的风险意识，并且市政府根据地质研究提出了搬迁部分非正规住区的论点，但这些地区的居民仍然抵制搬迁，并抗议当地政府有其他动机。该项目将在麦德林东北部开展，那里有高度集中的“面临风险”的定居点，特别是 Comuna 8，那里社区和公共机构之间的分歧最为明显。通过 Comuna 8 中的焦点小组和半结构化访谈，我们将探讨社区内和相关公共部门机构之间对风险和相关叙述的看法，以及这种看法和叙述对采用风险和叙述的影响。降低风险的策略和行动。这将帮助我们了解这些看法之间的差异，这些差异可能会阻碍就风险缓解措施达成一致。然后，我们将对选定的“面临风险”社区的社区成员进行培训，以便在社区和个人家庭层面试点和测试简单的山体滑坡风险监测和缓解技术，参与者将与其他机构一起评估经验。这些活动的结果将通过研讨会得到反映，研讨会将被指定为“战略干预区”（麦德林东北部）的社区、公共部门和第三部门聚集在一起，以探索围绕缓解山体滑坡风险实现联合决策的可行方法。该项目将提供：(1) 一个运行良好的社区管理滑坡风险缓解监测试点计划，该计划将作为模型，在根据评估进行改进后在其他地方复制； (2) 在（非正式）社区中试点个人住房风险缓解改进措施； (3) 提高对风险认知以及可通过协作行动减轻非正规住区滑坡风险的技术和战略的理解和认识； (4) 确定围绕技术、社会、文化和组织知识之间相互作用的关键问题，以便在滑坡风险缓解的进一步研究中解决。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（8）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

A community learns to mitigate landslide risk in Colombia

哥伦比亚的一个社区学习如何减轻山体滑坡风险

DOI：
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Smith H
通讯作者：
Smith H

Toward negotiated mitigation of landslide risks in informal settlements: reflections from a pilot experience in Medellín, Colombia

通过谈判减轻非正规住区的山体滑坡风险：麦德尔试点经验的反思

DOI：
10.5751/es-11337-250119
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Ecology and Society
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Smith H
通讯作者：
Smith H

¿Resiliencia o resistencia? Mitigación negociada de los riesgos de deslizamiento en asentamientos informales en Medellín

恢复力还是抵抗力？

DOI：
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Smith H
通讯作者：
Smith H

The complex dynamics of co-producing disaster risk management mechanisms between the State, community and academia in three Latin American urban areas

拉丁美洲三个城市地区国家、社区和学术界共同制定灾害风险管理机制的复杂动态

DOI：
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Smith H
通讯作者：
Smith H

Community based landslide risk management: collaborative monitoring experience - Vila Nova Esperança'

基于社区的山体滑坡风险管理：协作监测经验 - Vila Nova Esperança

DOI：
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Corsi C
通讯作者：
Corsi C

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Harry Smith其他文献

Immigrant business proprietors in England and Wales (1851–1911)

英格兰和威尔士的移民企业主（1851–1911）

DOI：
10.1017/s0268416019000171
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Continuity and Change
影响因子：
0.9
作者：
Harry Smith;R. Bennett;Carry van Lieshout
通讯作者：
Carry van Lieshout

Coronary flow studies in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy of the hypertensive type. Evidence for an impaired coronary vascular reserve.

高血压型左心室肥厚患者的冠状动脉血流研究。

DOI：
10.1016/0002-9149(81)90537-3
发表时间：
1981
期刊：
The American journal of cardiology
影响因子：
0
作者：
A. Pichard;R. Gorlin;Harry Smith;J. Ambrose;J. Meller
通讯作者：
J. Meller

Silent ST segment deviations and extent of coronary artery disease.

无症状 ST 段偏差和冠状动脉疾病的程度。

DOI：
10.1016/0002-8703(80)90061-7
发表时间：
1980
期刊：
American heart journal
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
S. Kunkes;Augusto D. Pichard;Harry Smith;Richard Gorlin;Michael V. Herman;Joel Kupersmith
通讯作者：
Joel Kupersmith