Soils Research to deliver Greenhouse Gas REmovals and Abatement Technologies (Soils-R-GGREAT)

GGR联盟-土壤研究提供温室气体清除和减排技术（土壤-R-GGREAT）。情景模拟研究表明，如果不从大气中清除大量温室气体，我们就不太可能实现《巴黎协定》中规定的将气候变暖限制在“远低于2摄氏度”的目标。如果不从大气中去除温室气体（GGR），似乎几乎不可能实现升温1.5摄氏度的理想目标。鉴于GGR对气候稳定的重要性，需要评估GGR技术的全球潜力、可行性、障碍和影响。初步分析表明，广泛实施GGR可能会对土地竞争、温室气体排放、物理气候反馈产生重大影响（例如，生物多样性）、水需求、养分使用、能源和成本，但土壤碳固存和生物炭用作GGR实践具有显著的GGR潜力，（每年总共减少40 - 60亿吨二氧化碳），并且可以在对土地、水和养分的竞争比碳捕获和储存以及植树造林的生物能源少得多的情况下做到这一点，并且成本比增强的矿物风化和二氧化碳的直接空气捕获低得多。此外，基于土壤的GGR可以帮助实现其他可持续发展目标，特别是1、2、13和15（贫困、饥饿、气候和陆地上的生命）。然而，由于GGR可实现的高度不确定性，需要特定地点的选择和激励措施，社会和生态影响，以及无常的风险限制了土壤GGR。在这个项目中，我们将重点关注通过改善土地管理来实现土壤碳固存，并向土壤中添加生物炭以增加土壤碳储量。我们将与其他财团密切合作，确保有关土地和资源可用性的假设保持一致。在Soils-R-GGREAT项目中，我们利用英国在土壤和生物炭方面的最佳专业知识，对土壤GGRs进行全面的全球评估。我们将结合使用生命周期评估、情景数据库分析、网络数据分析、荟萃分析、生物物理建模、经济建模、利益相关者参与和专家咨询，对土壤GGRs的潜力、可行性、障碍和影响进行最严格、最全面的全球评估。本项目的成就/产出将是评估全球和区域土壤GGR的技术和成本效益潜力，确定技术备选方案，评估土壤GGR的社会文化生态影响及其共同实现可持续发展目标1、2、13、15的能力，分析目前阻碍实施的政策障碍，以及未来政策的备选方案，以便能够广泛采用基于土壤的GGR，以及如何将土壤GGR纳入其他GGR技术组合和其他温室气体减排工作的评估。中期结果将于2017年底公布，以纳入IPCC关于“1.5摄氏度目标”和“土地利用和气候变化”的特别报告。

GGR Consortium - Soils Research to deliver Greenhouse Gas REmovals and Abatement Technologies (Soils-R-GGREAT). Scenario modelling studies show that it is unlikely that we will be able to meet the target to limit climate warming to "well below 2 degrees C" outlined in the Paris Agreement without removing a significant quantity of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. It appears to be virtually impossible to meet the aspirational target of 1.5 degrees C of warming without greenhouse gas removal (GGR) from the atmosphere. Given the importance of GGR for climate stabilization, the global potential, feasibility, barriers and impacts of GGR technologies need to be assessed. Preliminary analysis suggests that widespread implementation of GGRs could have significant impacts on land competition, greenhouse gas emissions, physical climate feedbacks (e.g. albedo), water requirements, nutrient use, energy and cost, but that soil carbon sequestration and biochar used as GGR practices have significant potential for GGR (4-6 thousand million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year, together), and can do so with much less competition for land, water and nutrients than, for example bioenergy with carbon capture and storage and afforestation, and at much lower cost than enhanced mineral weathering and direct air capture of carbon dioxide. In addition, soil-based GGRs could help deliver other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly 1, 2, 13 and 15 (poverty, hunger, climate and life on land). Yet constraints due to high uncertainties about the GGR achievable, the need for site-specific options and incentives, social and ecological impacts, and the risk of impermanence have limited soil-based GGR to date. In this project, we will focus on soil carbon sequestration through improved land management, and the addition of biochar to soils to increase soil carbon storage. We will work closely with other consortia to ensure consistency across assumptions about land and resource availability. In the Soils-R-GGREAT project we have harnessed the best expertise in the UK on soils and biochar to provide a comprehensive global assessment of soil-based GGRs. We will use a combination of life cycle assessment (LCA), scenario database analysis, network data analysis, meta-analysis, biophysical modelling, economic modelling, stakeholder engagement and expert consultation to deliver the most rigorous and comprehensive global assessment of potential, feasibility, barriers and impacts of soil-based GGRs. The achievements / outputs from the project will be an assessment of the technical and cost-effective potential for soil-based GGRs globally and regionally, identification of technical options, an assessment of the socio-cultural-ecological impacts of soil-based GGRs and their ability to co-deliver to SDGs 1,2,13,15, an analysis of the current policy barriers preventing implementation and options for future policies to enable widespread adoption of soil-based GGRs, and an assessment of how soil-based GGRs can be integrated into portfolios of other GGR technologies, and other greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts. Interim results will be published by the end of 2017 to feed into the IPCC Special Reports on the "1.5 degree C target", and "land use and climate change".