Measuring Ancient Rates of Weathered Petroleum Accumulation in the South China Sea

测量南海古代风化石油聚集率

• 批准号: NE/R002576/1
• 负责人: Stephen Bowden
• 金额: $ 4.18万
• 依托单位: University of Aberdeen
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR002576%2F1
• 关键词: Measuring; Ancient; Rates; Weathered; Petroleum

IODP expeditions 367 and 368 are drilling sedimentary successions to basement at locations in the South China Sea. This is to investigate crustal-break up mechanisms during tectonic rifting. Rifting in this way creates a sedimentary basin which is subsequently filled by sediment. The sediment-fill within the South China Sea is derived from a number of hinterlands in Southern China and neighboring countries in which there are both productive and non-productive petroleum systems. The erosion of formations within these petroleum-bearing hinterlands, and the subsequent transport of the petroleum-bearing sediments to the South China Sea by river, will have lead to the accumulation of trace amounts of petroleum within sediments over geological time. Measuring residual petroleum is complicated because most of the components of petroleum degrade at the Earth's surface, leaving only the most chemically resistant components behind. Analysis of the organic content of sediment by GC-MS can detect a few of the compound-types present in weathered petroleum, but with increased weathering the amount that can be detected decreases. Eventually only the most asphaltic and heavy petroleum-components remain. This residual petroleum is difficult to analyse, and so for South China Sea samples will be analysed by a new surface enhanced Raman scattering-based method. This method is highly sensitive and capable of detecting sub parts per billion levels of residual petroleum. The use of newly developed methods for analysing trace amounts of weathered and residual petroleum in this context will greatly help in their trial and development. This development is needed to prepare these technologies for routine environmental base-line monitoring as well as more general petroleum and oil analysis. During this project measurements will be made during shipboard activities using a portable instrument, and then compared to laboratory-based measurements. This comparison of off-shore and laboratory methods is key for developing methods that can be applied at point of need. From a geoscience and natural science perspective, examining weathered petroleum accumulation over geological time in this way, at a fixed position, has a number of benefits and advantages. One of these is access to a pre-human baseline for petroleum within sediments; e.g. measurements are made on sediments deposited before human exploitation of petroleum began. Another benefit is access to data from the multiple climatic and depositional modes experienced by the site over the it's long geological history. This helps to understand how climate change in the modern era may affect the attenuation of petroleum in the natural environment.

IODP第367和368号勘探队正在南中国海的一些地点钻探沉积岩系至基底。这是为了探讨地壳破裂机制在构造裂谷。以这种方式进行的裂谷作用形成了一个沉积盆地，随后又被沉积物填满。 南海沉积物充填物来源于中国南部及周边国家的一些海陆过渡带，这些海陆过渡带中既有生产油气系统，也有非生产油气系统。这些石油产地的地层受到侵蚀，再加上其后石油沉积物经河流输往南中国海，在地质年代内，沉积物内会积聚微量石油。 测量残余石油是复杂的，因为石油的大部分成分在地球表面降解，只留下最耐化学腐蚀的成分。用GC-MS分析沉积物中的有机物含量可以检测出风化石油中存在的几种化合物类型，但随着风化程度的增加，可以检测到的数量减少。最后，只有最沥青和重质的石油成分保留下来。这种残余石油是难以分析的，因此对于南中国海样品将采用一种新的基于表面增强拉曼散射的方法进行分析。该方法高度灵敏，能够检测十亿分之几水平的残留石油。 在这方面，使用新开发的分析风化和残余石油痕量的方法将大大有助于这些方法的试验和发展。为了使这些技术能够用于例行的环境基线监测以及更一般的石油和油类分析，需要进行这种发展。在本项目期间，将在船上活动期间使用便携式仪器进行测量，然后与实验室测量结果进行比较。这种离岸和实验室方法的比较是开发可在需要时应用的方法的关键。从地球科学和自然科学的角度来看，以这种方式在固定位置检查地质时期的风化石油积累具有许多好处和优势。其中之一是获得沉积物中石油的人类出现前基线;例如，对人类开始开采石油之前沉积的沉积物进行测量。另一个好处是可以获得该地点在其漫长的地质历史中所经历的多种气候和沉积模式的数据。这有助于了解现代气候变化如何影响自然环境中石油的衰减。

项目成果

Rapid transition from continental breakup to igneous oceanic crust in the South China Sea

• DOI: 10.1038/s41561-018-0198-1
• 发表时间: 2018-10-01
• 期刊: NATURE GEOSCIENCE
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: Larsen, H. C.;Mohn, G.;Zhong, L.
• 通讯作者: Zhong, L.

"Red or green": magnetism, redox conditions and the true colors ofMiocene marine sediments in the South China Sea (IODP Expedition 368)

“红还是绿”：南海中新世海洋沉积物的磁性、氧化还原条件和真实颜色（IODP 368探险队）

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Eric Ferré

Thermal evolution of a continent ocean transition: The SE China margincase study

大陆海洋转变的热演化：中国东南部边缘案例研究

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Nirrengarten M.

The thermal imprint of continental breakup during the formation of the South China Sea

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115972
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 期刊: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: M. Nirrengarten;G. Mohn;A. Schito;S. Corrado;L. Gutiérrez-García;S. Bowden;F. Despinois

The application of surface enhanced Raman scattering to the detection of asphaltic petroleum in sediment extracts: deconvolving three component-mixtures using look-up tables of entire surface enhanced Raman spectra

• DOI: 10.1039/c9ay01859j
• 发表时间: 2019-11
• 期刊: Analytical Methods
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: S. Bowden;C. Taylor