Australia Cretaceous Climate and Tectonics: International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 369

澳大利亚白垩纪气候和构造：国际海洋发现计划第 369 次探险

• 批准号: NE/R012261/1
• 负责人: Richard Hobbs
• 金额: $ 4.8万
• 依托单位: Durham University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR012261%2F1
• 关键词: Australia; Cretaceous; Climate; Tectonics; International

The seismic reflection method is the primary tool for investigating the buried structure of the Earth. The method is the same as used to image a fetus in the womb by ultra-sound, but on a much larger scale. A sound pulse is generated at the surface and the time is recorded for this pulse to be echoed from some buried change in geology back to a receiver at the surface. By repeating the experiment along a profile, an image of the subsurface can be generated that maps the layers of rock. However, there is a problem. The image is recorded as a function of time for the echoes to return to the surface whereas geologists require to know the depths. The key is to obtain a map of the sound-speed so time can be converted to depth. By using multiple receivers it is possible to obtain an estimate of this sound-speed map but the information is incomplete and prone to errors and uncertainty. By careful analysis of the seismic data, we have obtained quantified estimates of these uncertainties for profiles that cross the sites that are to be drilled by the International Ocean Discovery Program during leg 369. So once these sites are drilled we will have ground truth at a point on the seismic image so we can see how good our estimates are and whether the expected geological layers are at the depth and time that we have predicted. We can then use the well information to label the each layer and extrapolate this labeling away from the well using the seismic data and compare this with a manual interpretation of the seismic image. What we hope to learn is what level of confidence can we place in our predictions of the structure of the subsurface based on seismic data. This has major implications in Earth Sciences as the seismic reflection method is the primary tool used by the hydrocarbons industry to locate oil and gas, equally it is used by the carbon sequestration industry to bury and monitor CO2 to try to mitigate global warming. Further, the understanding developed here can be used across a wide-range of non-destructive imaging methods in the medical, construction and engineering industries.

地震反射法是研究地球埋藏结构的主要工具。这种方法与利用超声波对子宫内胎儿成像的方法相同，但规模要大得多。在地表产生一个声波脉冲，并记录下这个脉冲从埋藏的地质变化中反射回地表接收器的时间。通过沿着剖面重复实验，可以生成地下岩层的图像。然而，有一个问题。图像被记录为时间的函数，以便回声返回到地表，而地质学家需要知道深度。关键是要获得声速图，以便将时间转换为深度。通过使用多个接收器，有可能获得该声速图的估计，但信息是不完整的，容易出现错误和不确定性。通过对地震数据的仔细分析，我们对国际海洋发现计划在369阶段将要钻探的剖面的这些不确定性进行了量化估计。因此，一旦钻探这些地点，我们就可以在地震图像上的某一点上获得真实的地面信息，这样我们就可以看到我们的估计有多准确，以及预期的地质层是否在我们预测的深度和时间内。然后，我们可以使用井信息对每一层进行标记，并利用地震数据推断出这些标记，并将其与人工解释的地震图像进行比较。我们希望了解的是，基于地震数据，我们对地下结构的预测能有多大程度的信心。这对地球科学具有重大意义，因为地震反射方法是碳氢化合物行业用来定位石油和天然气的主要工具，同样，它也被碳封存行业用来掩埋和监测二氧化碳，以试图减缓全球变暖。此外，这里发展的理解可以在医疗、建筑和工程行业的广泛的非破坏性成像方法中使用。

项目成果

Evolution of the Southwest Australian Rifted Continental Margin During Breakup of East Gondwana: Results From International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 369

• DOI: 10.1029/2020gc009144
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: Geochemistry
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: D. Harry;M. Tejada;E. Lee;E. Wolfgring;C. Wainman;H. Brumsack;B. Schnetger;Jun-Ichi Kimura;L. Riquier;I. Borissova;R. Hobbs;T. Jiang;Y.X. Li;A. Maritati;Mathieu Martinez;C. Richter;G. Tagliaro;L. T. White

Volume 369: Australia Cretaceous Climate and Tectonics

• DOI: 10.14379/iodp.proc.369.2019
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program
• 作者: R. W. Hobbs;B. T. Huber;K. Bogus

Expedition 369 Preliminary Report: Australia Cretaceous Climate and Tectonics

369 号探险队初步报告：澳大利亚白垩纪气候和构造

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Huber B T