Diatom Autecological Responses with Changes To Ice Cover (Diatom-ARCTIC)

硅藻对冰盖变化的自生态反应（硅藻-北极）

• 批准号: NE/R012849/1
• 负责人: Alexandre Anesio
• 金额: $ 49.33万
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR012849%2F1
• 关键词: Diatom; Autecological; Responses; Changes; Ice

Following the polar amplification of global warming in recent decades, we have witnessed unprecedented changes in the coverage and seasonality of Arctic sea ice, enhanced freshwater storage within the Arctic seas, and greater nutrient demand from pelagic primary producers as the annual duration of open-ocean increases. These processes have the potential to change the phenology, species composition, productivity, and nutritional value of Arctic sea ice algal blooms, with far-reaching implications for trophic functioning and carbon cycling in the marine system. As the environmental conditions of the Arctic continue to change, the habitat for ice algae will become increasingly disrupted. Ice algal blooms, which are predominantly species of diatom, provide a concentrated food source for aquatic grazers while phytoplankton growth in the water column is limited, and can contribute up to half of annual Arctic marine primary production. Conventionally ice algae have been studied as a single community, without discriminating between individual species. However, the composition of species can vary widely between regions, and over the course of the spring, as a function of local environmental forcing. Consequently, current approaches for estimating Arctic-wide marine productivity and predicting the impact of climate warming on ice algal communities are likely inaccurate because they overlook the autecological (species-specific) responses of sea ice algae to changing ice habitat conditions. Diatom-ARCTIC will mark a new chapter in the study of sea ice algae and their production in the Arctic. Our project goes beyond others by integrating the results derived from field observations of community composition, and innovative laboratory experiments targeted at single-species of ice algae, directly into a predictive biogeochemical model. The use of a Remotely-Operated Vehicle during in situ field sampling gives us a unique opportunity to examine the spatio-temporal environmental controls on algal speciation in natural sea ice. Diatom-ARCTIC field observations will steer laboratory experiments to identify photophysiological responses of individual diatom species over a range of key growth conditions: light, salinity and nutrient availability. Additional experiments will characterise algal lipid composition as a function of growth conditions - quantifying food resource quality as a function of species composition. Furthermore, novel analytical tools, such as gas chromatography mass spectrometry and compound specific isotope analysis will be combined to better catalogue the types of lipid present in ice algae. Field and laboratory results will then be incorporated into the state-of-the-art BFM-SI biogeochemical model for ice algae, to enable accurate simulations of gross and net production in sea ice based on directly observed autecological responses. The model will be used to characterise algal productivity in different sea ice growth habitats present in the contemporary Arctic. By applying future climate scenarios to the model, we will also forecast ice algal productivity over the coming decades as sea ice habitats transform in an evolving Arctic. Our project targets a major research gap in Phase I of the CAO programme: the specific contribution of sea ice habitats to ecosystem structure and biogeochemical functioning within the Arctic Ocean. In doing so, Diatom-ARCTIC brings together and links the activities of ARCTIC-Prize and DIAPOD, while further building new collaborations between UK and German partners leading up to the 2019/20 MOSAiC campaign.

近几十年来，随着全球变暖在极地的扩大，我们目睹了北极海冰的覆盖范围和季节性发生了前所未有的变化，北极海域的淡水储存量增加，随着每年公海持续时间的增加，远洋初级生产者对养分的需求增加。这些过程有可能改变北极海冰藻华的物候、物种组成、生产力和营养价值，对海洋系统的营养功能和碳循环产生深远影响。随着北极环境条件的不断变化，冰藻的栖息地将越来越受到破坏。冰藻水华主要是硅藻，为水生食草动物提供了集中的食物来源，而浮游植物在水体中的生长是有限的，可以贡献北极海洋年度初级生产的一半。传统上，冰藻被作为一个单一的群落进行研究，而不区分各个物种。然而，物种的组成在不同地区之间以及在春季的过程中可能会有很大的差异，这是当地环境强迫的函数。因此，目前估计北极地区海洋生产力和预测气候变暖对冰藻群落的影响的方法可能是不准确的，因为它们忽略了海冰藻对不断变化的冰生境条件的个体生态学（物种特异性）反应。硅藻-北极将标志着海冰藻类及其在北极生产的研究的新篇章。我们的项目超越了其他人的社区组成的实地观察的结果，并针对单一物种的冰藻，直接到一个预测的海洋地球化学模型的创新实验室实验。在原位现场采样期间使用遥控车为我们提供了一个独特的机会来研究自然海冰中藻类物种形成的时空环境控制。硅藻-北极信息中心实地观测将指导实验室实验，以确定个别硅藻物种在一系列关键生长条件下的生物生理反应：光照、盐度和营养物质供应。其他实验将验证藻类脂质组成作为生长条件的函数-量化食物资源质量作为物种组成的函数。此外，新的分析工具，如气相色谱质谱和化合物特定的同位素分析将结合起来，以更好地编目冰藻中存在的脂质类型。现场和实验室结果将被纳入最先进的BFM-SI冰藻生物地球化学模型，以便根据直接观察到的自体反应准确模拟海冰的总产量和净产量。该模型将用于模拟当代北极不同海冰生长生境中的藻类生产力。通过将未来的气候情景应用于模型，我们还将预测未来几十年冰藻的生产力，因为海冰栖息地在不断变化的北极中发生变化。我们的项目针对CAO计划第一阶段的一个主要研究空白：海冰栖息地对北冰洋生态系统结构和生物地球化学功能的具体贡献。在此过程中，Diatom-ARCTIC将ARCTIC-Prize和DIAPOD的活动结合在一起，同时进一步建立英国和德国合作伙伴之间的新合作关系，为2019/20年MOSAiC活动做准备。

项目成果

Impacts of snow data and processing methods on the interpretation of long-term changes in Baffin Bay early spring sea ice thickness

• DOI: 10.5194/tc-15-4909-2021
• 发表时间: 2021-10
• 期刊: The Cryosphere
• 作者: I. Glissenaar;J. Landy;A. Petty;N. Kurtz;J. Stroeve

Improved Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard Retrieval from Satellite Altimetry Using Optimized Sea Surface Decorrelation Scales

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jc017466
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: J. Landy;J. Bouffard;Chris Wilson;Stefanie Rynders;Y. Aksenov;M. Tsamados

Monitoring a changing Arctic: Recent advancements in the study of sea ice microbial communities.

• DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01658-z
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Ambio
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Campbell K;Matero I;Bellas C;Turpin-Jelfs T;Anhaus P;Graeve M;Fripiat F;Tranter M;Landy JC;Sanchez-Baracaldo P;Leu E;Katlein C;Mundy CJ;Rysgaard S;Tedesco L;Haas C;Nicolaus M
• 通讯作者: Nicolaus M

Snow Depth Retrieval on Arctic Sea Ice Using Under-Ice Hyperspectral Radiation Measurements

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.711306
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 作者: P. Anhaus;C. Katlein;M. Nicolaus;Stefanie Arndt;Arttu Jutila;C. Haas

The 2017 Reversal of the Beaufort Gyre: Can Dynamic Thickening of a Seasonal Ice Cover During a Reversal Limit Summer Ice Melt in the Beaufort Sea?

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jc016796
• 发表时间: 2020-12-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: Babb, D. G.;Landy, J. C.;Galley, R. J.
• 通讯作者: Galley, R. J.