Building a tectonic plate: Water, magma and faults in the oceanic lithosphere

构造板块:海洋岩石圈中的水、岩浆和断层

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    NE/R015708/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 74.78万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2018 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

At mid-ocean ridges, tectonic plates are pulled apart and the Earth's mantle slowly rises and is partially molten, producing magma that rises and solidifies to form new crust, the outer low-density layer of the Earth. However, on some ridge sections where magma supply is low, the production of magma by mantle melting is less efficient and creation of new crust cannot keep up with the stretching of the tectonic plates. Here faulting brings mantle rocks to the surface and produces anomalous "non-volcanic" seabed, containing rocks from the Earth's mantle. These mantle rocks are chemically modified by contact with sea water penetrating cracks and fractures. Circulating water becomes assimilated in the structure of the rocks, modifying the minerals that compose it. This process often produces a family of minerals called serpentinites and is thus called serpentinization. At the same time the mantle rocks transfer heat and chemicals to the hydrothermal fluids, which are transported to the seabed and escape into the ocean at hydrothermal vent sites.The chemicals released near the vents can include precious metals and trace elements and give rise to valuable mineral deposits. The extreme physical conditions of high pressure, high temperature and high acidity, sustain unique biological communities that are thought to represent the closest present day analogue of the conditions that led to the development of early life on Earth. Hydrothermal processes in non-volcanic crust represent an important gateway for energy and chemical exchange between the solid Earth and the oceans, but its deep structure and formation mechanisms are still poorly understood. What is the composition of non-volcanic crust? How widespread is it in the World's oceans? How much water does it assimilate?This project aims to produce an integrated model of accretion and hydration of the oceanic lithosphere at slow-spreading ridges and to characterize the interaction between magma, faults, and hydrothermal fluids. My study will focus on the Rainbow area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a ridge section where the tectonic stretching and magmatic input vary rapidly in space, providing a complete picture of the different conditions encountered along the global mid-ocean ridge system. I will use full-waveform seismic tomography, a geophysical imaging technique which uses the entire record of the seismic oscillations, and joint geophysical inversion, to reconstruct a detailed and complete representation of the rock properties beneath the seabed. I will combine these constraints with rock physics and automated rock classification aided by machine learning to estimate composition, porosity, melt content and hydration. My work will have implications for the energy and chemical exchange between the solid Earth and the oceans, and for the recycling of chemicals in the deep Earth.
在大洋中脊,构造板块被拉开,地幔缓慢上升并部分熔融,产生岩浆,这些岩浆上升并凝固形成新的地壳,即地球的外层低密度层。然而,在一些岩浆供应量低的海脊部分,地幔熔融产生岩浆的效率较低,新地壳的产生无法跟上构造板块的伸展。这里的断层活动将地幔岩带到地表,并产生异常的“非火山”海床,其中包含来自地幔的岩石。这些地幔岩石通过与海水接触而发生化学变化,渗透裂缝和裂缝。循环水被岩石的结构同化,改变了组成它的矿物。这个过程通常会产生一种叫做蛇纹岩的矿物,因此被称为蛇纹岩化。与此同时,地幔岩将热量和化学物质传递给热液,热液被输送到海底,并在热液喷口处排入海洋,喷口附近释放的化学物质可能包括贵金属和微量元素,并形成有价值的矿藏。高压、高温和高酸度的极端物理条件维持着独特的生物群落,这些生物群落被认为是导致地球上早期生命发展的条件的最接近的现代模拟。非火山地壳中的热液过程是固体地球与海洋之间进行能量和化学交换的重要通道,但对其深部结构和形成机制仍知之甚少。非火山地壳的成分是什么?它在世界海洋中的分布有多广?它吸收了多少水?该项目的目的是制作一个关于缓慢扩张海脊处海洋岩石圈的增生和水合作用的综合模型,并描述岩浆、断层和热液流体之间的相互作用。我的研究将侧重于大西洋中脊的彩虹区,这是一个构造伸展和岩浆输入在空间上迅速变化的脊段,提供了一幅全球大洋中脊系统沿着遇到的不同条件的完整画面。我将使用全波形地震层析成像,一种使用地震振荡的整个记录的地球物理成像技术,以及联合地球物理反演,以重建海底岩石特性的详细和完整的表示。我将联合收割机将这些限制与岩石物理学和机器学习辅助的自动岩石分类相结合,以估计成分,孔隙度,熔体含量和水合作用。我的工作将对固体地球和海洋之间的能量和化学交换以及地球深处化学物质的循环产生影响。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(7)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Vertically Extensive Magma Reservoir Revealed From Joint Inversion and Quantitative Interpretation of Seismic and Gravity Data
  • DOI:
    10.1029/2019jb018476
  • 发表时间:
    2019-11
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    M. Paulatto;M. Moorkamp;S. Hautmann;E. Hooft;J. Morgan;R. Sparks
  • 通讯作者:
    M. Paulatto;M. Moorkamp;S. Hautmann;E. Hooft;J. Morgan;R. Sparks
Relationship Between Active Faulting/Fracturing and Magmatism Around Santorini: Seismic Anisotropy From an Active Source Tomography Experiment
圣托里尼岛周围活动断层/断裂与岩浆活动之间的关系:来自活动源断层扫描实验的地震各向异性
  • DOI:
    10.1029/2021jb021898
  • 发表时间:
    2021
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Heath, B. A.;Hooft, E. E. E.;Toomey, D. R.;Paulatto, M.;Papazachos, C. B.;Nomikou, P.;Morgan, J. V.
  • 通讯作者:
    Morgan, J. V.
Corrigendum to "Seismic imaging of Santorini: Subsurface constraints on caldera collapse and present-day magma recharge" [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 514 (2019) 48-61]
“圣托里尼岛地震成像:火山口塌陷和当今岩浆补给的地下限制”的勘误[地球行星。
Advances in seismic imaging of magma and crystal mush
  • DOI:
    10.3389/feart.2022.970131
  • 发表时间:
    2022-10
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    M. Paulatto;E. Hooft;K. Chrapkiewicz;B. Heath;D. Toomey;J. Morgan
  • 通讯作者:
    M. Paulatto;E. Hooft;K. Chrapkiewicz;B. Heath;D. Toomey;J. Morgan
Zooming in on crystal mush: recent advances in volcano tomography
放大水晶糊:火山断层扫描的最新进展
  • DOI:
    10.5194/egusphere-egu21-16304
  • 发表时间:
    2021
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Paulatto M
  • 通讯作者:
    Paulatto M
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Michele Paulatto其他文献

Michele Paulatto的其他文献

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