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EVOLUTION OF AXIAL SKELETAL REGIONALISATION IN VERTEBRATES: INTEGRATING PHYLOGENY, ENVIRONMENT, AND DEVELOPMENTAL MECHANISMS

脊椎动物轴骨区域化的进化：系统发育、环境和发育机制的整合

基本信息

批准号：
NE/S000739/1
负责人：
Jason James Head
金额：
$ 68.9万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS000739%2F1
关键词：
EVOLUTION AXIAL SKELETAL REGIONALISATION VERTEBRATES

项目摘要

Evolutionary diversification of the axial skeleton (i.e. vertebrae and ribs) is a key component of the success of vertebrate animals. "Fishes" are generally thought to possess a two-region axial skeleton, with "precaudal" and "caudal" vertebrae, while tetrapods exhibit regionalisation of their vertebral column into distinct cervical, thoracic, sacral, and caudal regions. Conventional wisdom is, therefore, that the evolutionary transition from water to land coincided with increasing anatomical specialisations of the vertebral column. However, recent discoveries of striking axial skeletal complexity in some living and fossil fish groups suggest an alternative scenario: the primitive presence of a regionalised, complex axial skeleton in vertebrates, with repeated loss or augmentation of regionalisation as adaptation to new environments and ecologies. This project will be the first to explicitly and quantitatively reconstruct the evolutionary history of vertebrate axial skeletal complexity, and to test for environmental and developmental correlates of such complexity.In order to understand the evolution of the vertebral column and its role in diversifications into new environments and ecology, we will combine anatomical and regulatory genetic datasets to undertake a concerted investigation of axial skeletal regionalisation in a broad taxonomic sample of extant and fossil vertebrates. 1) We will quantify axial skeletal regionalization and complexity based on skeletal data derived from Computed Tomography and direct specimen measurement. 2) We will use comparative phylogenetic methods to reconstruct ancestral states for major vertebrate clades and to test for correlations between axial skeletal regionalisation and environmental and ecological factors. 3) We will test for expression of genes that define the amniote cervical-thoracic and thoracic-lumber transitions in embryos of a cartilaginous fish (the skate, Leucoraja erinacea), and we will use fluorescent cell labelling approaches to test whether these genes delineate previously unrecognised axial skeletal regions in this species. By comparing our findings with those from other lineages (e.g. tetrapods), we will be able to infer mechanisms of axial skeletal development at one of the earliest nodes in vertebrate evolutionary history. 4) Finally, we will use evolutionary modelling to combine results of anatomical, evolutionary, and developmental analyses to elucidate the relationships between vertebral morphology and developmental mechanisms in evolutionary transitions into new environments.Debate surrounding the evolution of the vertebrate axial skeleton has lingered for centuries, with current dogma and "textbook scenarios" stemming largely from speculation, and suffering from poor taxon sampling. Our study will integrate anatomical, developmental and environmental data, within a rigorous phylogenetic framework, in order to accurately reconstruct the evolutionary and ecological history of the vertebrate axial skeleton.

中轴骨骼（即椎骨和肋骨）的进化多样化是脊椎动物成功的关键组成部分。“鱼”通常被认为具有两个区域的轴向骨骼，具有“ψ dal”和“caudal”椎骨，而四足动物表现出其脊柱区域化为不同的颈部，胸部，骶骨和尾部区域。因此，传统观点认为，从水到陆地的进化过渡与脊柱解剖学上不断增长的专业化相吻合。然而，最近在一些活的和化石鱼类群体中发现的惊人的轴向骨骼复杂性表明了另一种情况：脊椎动物中区域化的复杂轴向骨骼的原始存在，随着对新环境和生态的适应，区域化的反复丧失或增强。该项目将首次明确和定量地重建脊椎动物中轴骨骼复杂性的进化历史，并测试这种复杂性的环境和发育相关性。为了了解脊柱的进化及其在新环境和生态中的作用，我们将结合联合收割机解剖学和调控遗传学数据集，对现存和化石的广泛分类学样本中的中轴骨骼区域化进行协调一致的调查。脊椎动物1)我们将根据计算机断层扫描和直接标本测量获得的骨骼数据量化轴向骨骼区域化和复杂性。2)我们将使用比较系统发育的方法来重建主要脊椎动物分支的祖先状态，并测试轴向骨骼区域化与环境和生态因素之间的相关性。3)我们将测试的基因表达，定义的软骨鱼（溜冰鞋，Leucoraja erinacea）的胚胎中的脊椎颈胸和胸腰过渡，我们将使用荧光细胞标记的方法来测试这些基因是否描绘以前未被认可的轴向骨骼区域在这个物种。通过将我们的研究结果与其他谱系（例如四足动物）的研究结果进行比较，我们将能够推断脊椎动物进化史上最早的节点之一的轴向骨骼发育机制。4)最后，我们将使用进化建模结合联合收割机的解剖，进化和发育分析的结果，阐明进化过渡到新的environment.Debate脊椎动物中轴骨骼的进化机制之间的关系已经徘徊了几个世纪，目前的教条和“教科书的场景”主要来自投机，并遭受穷人的分类单元采样。我们的研究将在严格的系统发育框架内整合解剖、发育和环境数据，以准确重建脊椎动物轴骨的进化和生态历史。