TRAINING IN BLOOD SAFETY IN HAITI

这项提议的目的是建立在康奈尔大学威尔医学院的研究人员之间先前成功的合作基础上（前身为康奈尔大学医学院）、海地卡波西肉瘤和机会性感染研究小组（GHESKIO）、海地红十字会和海地卫生部共同制定海地国家血液安全计划，这可能成为其他发展中国家血液安全计划的典范。Cornell-GHESKIO研究人员在1983年海地艾滋病毒流行早期进行的研究表明，太子港40%的艾滋病毒感染妇女接受了输血。Cornell-GHESKIO的研究人员发现，一家营利性血库是许多输血的来源。根据这一信息，海地卫生部于1986年关闭了营利性血库，并将海地红十字会置于海地血液安全的负责人之下。1988年，在Fogarty培训补助金的帮助下，Cornell-GHESKIO研究人员对海地红十字会的行政和技术人员进行了血液安全检测培训。海地红十字会在Cornell-GHESKIO研究人员的持续技术咨询下，继续监测太子港的血液安全。目前的建议旨在巩固海地红十字会在太子港的培训，并将其活动扩展到海地农村地区，那里居住着70%的人口。将最优先考虑培训直接参与血库业务的人员（实验室技术员、咨询人员和数据输入人员）以及最有可能使用血液制品的医生（产科医生和外科医生）。此外，将教育和鼓励公众定期献血，避免有偿献血。目前的提案还旨在解决海地血液安全的几个重要研究领域：1）确定海地城市和农村献血者中血液传播病原体感染的流行率和风险因素，包括HIV-1，HIV-2，HTLV-1，HCV，HBV，梅毒和疟疾; 2）确定“窗口期”内艾滋病毒感染者的献血者中的流行率和风险因素，“窗口期”是指艾滋病毒感染与通过标准ELISA检测可检测到艾滋病毒抗体之间的时间。

The objective of this proposal is to build on previous successful collaborations between (Cornell) researchers from Weill Medical College of Cornell University (formerly known as Cornell University Medical College), the Haitian Study Group on Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), the Haitian Red Cross, and the Haitian Ministry of Health to develop a national blood safety program for Haiti, which may serve as a model for blood safety programs in other developing countries. Studies by Cornell-GHESKIO researchers in 1983, during the early stages of the HIV epidemic in Haiti, demonstrated that 40% of the HIV infected women in Port- au-Prince had received a blood transfusion. Cornell-GHESKIO researchers identified a for-profit blood bank as a source of many of these transfusions. Based upon this information, the Haitian Ministry of Health closed the for-profit blood bank in 1986, and placed the Haitian Red Cross in charge of blood safety in Haiti. In 1988, with the assistance of a Fogarty training grant, Cornell-GHESKIO researchers trained the administration and technical staff of the Haitian Red Cross in blood safety testing. The Haitian Red Cross, with on-going technical advice from Cornell-GHESKIO researchers, continues to monitor blood safety in Port-au-Prince. The current proposal aims to solidify the training of the Haitian Red Cross in Port-au-Prince and to expand their activities to rural Haiti where 70% of the population lives. The highest priority will be given to the training of personnel directly involved in blood banking operations (laboratory technicians, counselors and data entry staff), as well as physicians who are most likely to use blood products (obstetricians and surgeons). In addition, the general public will be educated and encouraged to give regular blood donations and to avoid paid donors. The current proposal also aims to address several areas of research of importance for blood safety in Haiti: 1) determine the prevalence rate and risk factors for infection with blood borne pathogens among blood donors in urban and rural Haiti including HIV-1, HIV-2, HTLV-1, HCV, HBV, syphilis, and malaria; 2) determine the prevalence and risk factors among blood donors of HIV-infected individuals in the "window period", the time between HIV infection and development of HIV antibodies detectable by standard ELISA assays.