How will glacial meltwater microbes come in from the cold in this "Peak Melt" century?

在这个“融化高峰”世纪，冰川融水微生物将如何从寒冷中进入？

• 批准号: NE/S001034/1
• 负责人: Arwyn Edwards
• 金额: $ 78.12万
• 依托单位: Aberystwyth University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS001034%2F1
• 关键词: How; will; glacial; meltwater; microbes

Global warming is melting many of Earth's glaciers, increasing the production of meltwater as the glaciers expire. In the worst-case scenario, up to 85% of glaciers will be lost by 2100, which will then mean the production of meltwater will decline drastically. About a billion people depend on rivers fed by glacier meltwater for water, and nutrients in glacial meltwater fertilize crucial ecosystems. This glacial meltwater contains bacteria and their products. We have found some of these products are made to protect bacteria against their viruses, and have proof that these same products have a second job in dissolving nutrients from rocks. Earlier research tell us the meltwater bacteria, their products and the nutrients are critical for important ecosystems in the land and sea fed by glacier meltwater. But we do not know how many of these three things will be released as the glaciers die, how they will interact and what this change in the supply of bacteria, products and nutrients will mean for ecosystems fed by glaciers that will disintegrate this century. Our proposal aims to address these three gaps in our knowledge. In this project we will go to valley glaciers on Svalbard in the High Arctic, in Austria in the European Alps, and Livingston Island at the tip of the rapidly warming Antarctic Peninsula to see how microbes and their products are released from glaciers. At each location we will collect samples from the glacier surface which will tell us how the microbes grow in the ice surface and how they are released. We will conduct experiments to reveal how the "arms race" between microbes and their viruses affects the delivery of microbes, their products and nutrients in the meltwater. We will also sequence the DNA of microbes living in the ice surface and meltwater to see who is living in this very large, but poorly understood and endangered habitat. We will use our fieldwork and lab analyses to inform models of how glaciers release their microbes, and what this means for downstream habitats. By doing this we will have a clear picture for the first time of how the loss of glaciers will release microbes, and what those organisms may do as they are washed out to important environments downstream of the glaciers.

全球变暖正在融化地球上的许多冰川，从而增加了冰川消失时融水的产量。在最坏的情况下，到2100年，多达85%的冰川将消失，这意味着融水的产量将急剧下降。大约有10亿人依赖冰川融水提供的河流供水，冰川融水中的营养物质为重要的生态系统提供了肥料。这些冰川融水含有细菌及其产物。我们已经发现其中一些产品是为了保护细菌免受病毒的侵害，并且有证据表明这些产品还有第二种作用，即溶解岩石中的营养物质。早期的研究告诉我们，融水细菌，它们的产物和营养物质对冰川融水喂养的陆地和海洋中的重要生态系统至关重要。但我们不知道这三种物质中有多少会随着冰川的消亡而释放出来，它们将如何相互作用，以及细菌、产品和营养物质供应的这种变化对由冰川供养的生态系统意味着什么，这些生态系统将在本世纪解体。我们的建议旨在解决我们知识中的这三个差距。在这个项目中，我们将前往北极斯瓦尔巴特群岛的山谷冰川，欧洲阿尔卑斯山的奥地利，以及迅速变暖的南极半岛尖端的利文斯顿岛，看看微生物及其产物是如何从冰川中释放出来的。在每个地点，我们将从冰川表面收集样本，这将告诉我们微生物是如何在冰面上生长的，以及它们是如何被释放的。我们将进行实验，以揭示微生物及其病毒之间的“军备竞赛”如何影响融水中微生物及其产物和营养物质的输送。我们还将对生活在冰面和融水中的微生物的DNA进行测序，看看谁生活在这个非常大，但知之甚少和濒临灭绝的栖息地。我们将利用我们的实地考察和实验室分析，为冰川如何释放微生物的模型提供信息，以及这对下游栖息地意味着什么。通过这样做，我们将首次清楚地了解冰川的消失将如何释放微生物，以及这些生物在被冲到冰川下游的重要环境中时可能会做些什么。

项目成果

Optimal Estimation of Snow and Ice Surface Parameters from Imaging Spectroscopy Measurements

通过成像光谱测量对冰雪表面参数进行优化估计

• DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10505800.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Bohn U

Glacier algae accelerate melt rates on the western Greenland Ice Sheet

• DOI: 10.5194/tc-2019-58
• 发表时间: 2019-04
• 作者: J. Cook;A. Tedstone;C. Williamson;J. McCutcheon;A. Hodson;A. Dayal;M. Skiles;Stefan Hofer

Icescape-scale metabolomics reveals cyanobacterial and topographic control of the core metabolism of the cryoconite ecosystem of an Arctic ice cap.

冰景规模代谢组学揭示了蓝藻和地形对北极冰盖冰晶生态系统核心代谢的控制。

• DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16485
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Environmental microbiology
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Gokul JK

Glacier algae accelerate melt rates on the south-western Greenland Ice Sheet

• DOI: 10.5194/tc-14-309-2020
• 发表时间: 2020-01-29
• 期刊: CRYOSPHERE
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Cook, Joseph M.;Tedstone, Andrew J.;Tranter, Martyn
• 通讯作者: Tranter, Martyn