Soot Aerodynamic Size Selection for Optical properties (SASSO)

光学特性烟灰空气动力学尺寸选择 (SASSO)

• 批准号: NE/S00212X/1
• 负责人: James Allan
• 金额: $ 79.43万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS00212X%2F1
• 关键词: Soot; Aerodynamic; Size; Selection; Optical

Atmospheric soot is a pollutant that contains black carbon (BC) and potentially also brown carbon (BrC) and is produced from combustion sources such as diesel engines, wildfires, agricultural waste burning and the burning of solid fuels such as wood and coal. Because BC and BrC absorb sunlight, they can have a warming effect on climate, in particular on local scales; there is evidence to suggest that the increase in absorbing aerosols associated with pollution has been responsible for the weakening of the South Asian Monsoon. However, while BC and BrC are very important for climate, they are currently very poorly represented in the models used to study and predict these effects. Comparison exercises between the various models in use around the world tend to highlight strong disagreements and comparisons against observations of absorbing aerosols are consistently very poor. This indicates a strong need to improve the treatment of soot and its processes within models, however this has so far been limited by deficiencies in the instrumentation and laboratory techniques available. SASSO will capitalise on the timely development of new methodologies, facilities and instruments at the Universities of Manchester and Exeter to use a novel and unique combination of tools to study soot on a level of detail previously not possible. This data will be used to develop and test new models of soot optical properties and this will be implemented in the UK's main climate model (hadGEM3), to test what effects this new, improved understanding has on predictions of climate responses to changes in soot emissions.The microphysical properties of soot are complex and traditionally extremely difficult to constrain and quantify on the level of detail desired to generate the detailed models and parameterisations needed. A particular complication is caused when BC co-exists with another substance (a 'coating') in a particle, which is the usual configuration in the atmosphere. The presence of a coating can increase the per-mass absorption of the BC through a phenomenon known as 'lensing', although data on this has so far proved inconsistent. There are also technical difficulties in the study of soot particles, such as the need to be able to strictly isolate particles of a single size while remaining aerosolised and the need to be able to separate the BC from the BrC in biomass burning emissions. The new technical developments at the Universities of Manchester and Exeter that will finally address these are as follows:1. The Aerodynamic Aerosol Classifier, a centrifuge-based instrument capable of selecting particles by size and free of the charging artefacts that affect previous techniques2. A new experimental technique for temporally separating the BC and BrC emissions from a burning wood sample using commercial fire testing equipment3. The new EXSCALABAR aerosol optical instrument developed by the Met Office4. The new Exeter wildFIRE facility for combustion studies5. The Manchester Aerosol Chamber coupled to a light-duty diesel engine rig.The combination of these will be used to generate data capable of probing BC and BrC components on a level of detail not previously possible. We will authoritatively quantify fundamental parameters of their physical properties (primarily their refractive indexes) and objectively test approaches to modelling lensing and other microphysical effects, suitable for use in climate models. The new modelling framework and parameters will be tested against ambient data (in situ and remote sensing) and implemented within hadGEM3. The effects of this improved scheme will be thoroughly tested on various levels including radiative transfer, climate forcing and local climate trends. The modifications will also be incorporated into the core hadGEM3 model for future work using this tool

大气烟尘是一种污染物，含有黑碳（BC）和潜在的棕碳（BrC），并且由燃烧源如柴油发动机、野火、农业废物燃烧和固体燃料如木材和煤的燃烧产生。由于BC和BrC吸收阳光，它们可以对气候产生变暖效应，特别是在局部尺度上;有证据表明，与污染有关的吸收性气溶胶的增加是南亚季风减弱的原因。然而，尽管BC和BrC对气候非常重要，但目前用于研究和预测这些影响的模型中它们的代表性非常差。世界各地使用的各种模型之间的比较往往突出了强烈的分歧，与吸收性气溶胶观测的比较一直很差。这表明强烈需要改进模型内的烟尘及其过程的处理，然而，迄今为止，这受到现有仪器和实验室技术缺陷的限制。SASSO将利用曼彻斯特大学和埃克塞特大学及时开发的新方法、设施和仪器，使用新颖独特的工具组合，以前所未有的细节水平研究烟尘。这些数据将用于开发和测试烟尘光学特性的新模型，并将在英国的主要气候模型（hadGEM 3）中实施，以测试这种新的影响，碳烟的微物理性质是复杂的，传统上很难在所需的细节水平上进行约束和量化，以生成详细的碳烟排放量。所需的模型和参数。当BC与颗粒中的另一种物质（“涂层”）共存时，会引起一种特殊的复杂情况，这是大气中的常见配置。涂层的存在可以通过一种被称为“透镜效应”的现象增加BC的单位质量吸收，尽管迄今为止关于这一点的数据被证明是不一致的。在研究烟尘颗粒方面也存在技术困难，例如需要能够严格分离单一尺寸的颗粒，同时保持雾化，以及需要能够将生物质燃烧排放物中的BC与BrC分离。曼彻斯特大学和埃克塞特大学的新技术发展将最终解决这些问题，具体如下：1。空气动力学气溶胶分级器，一种基于离心的仪器，能够根据尺寸选择颗粒，并且没有影响先前技术的充电人工制品2。一种新的实验技术，用于使用商业火灾测试设备从燃烧的木材样品中暂时分离BC和BrC排放3。由气象局开发的新型EXSCALABAR气溶胶光学仪器。用于燃烧研究的新埃克塞特wildFIRE设施5.曼彻斯特气溶胶室与轻型柴油发动机装置相结合，将用于生成能够探测BC和BrC成分的数据，其详细程度以前是不可能的。我们将自动量化其物理特性（主要是折射率）的基本参数，并客观地测试适用于气候模型的透镜效应和其他微物理效应的建模方法。新的建模框架和参数将根据环境数据（现场和遥感）进行测试，并在hadGEM 3中实施。这一改进方案的效果将在各个层面上进行彻底测试，包括辐射传输、气候强迫和当地气候趋势。这些修改也将被纳入核心hadGEM 3模型中，以便将来使用此工具进行工作

项目成果

Future changes in atmospheric rivers over East Asia under stratospheric aerosol intervention

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-1687-2023
• 发表时间: 2023-01
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3

Sensitivity and accuracy of refractive index retrievals from measured extinction and absorption cross sections for mobility-selected internally mixed light absorbing aerosols

• DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2020.1757034
• 发表时间: 2020-05-20
• 期刊: AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Cotterell, Michael I.;Szpek, Kate;Langridge, Justin M.
• 通讯作者: Langridge, Justin M.

Impacts of reducing scattering and absorbing aerosols on the temporal extent and intensity of South Asian summer monsoon and East Asian summer monsoon

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-8341-2023
• 发表时间: 2023-07
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Chenwei Fang;J. Haywood;Junyi Liang;B. Johnson;Ying Chen;Bin Zhu

Australian Wildfires cause the largest stratospheric warming since Pinatubo.

澳大利亚野火造成了自皮纳图博火山以来最严重的平流层变暖。

• DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu22-7918
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Damany-Pearce L

Including ash in UKESM1 model simulations of the Raikoke volcanic eruption reveals improved agreement with observations

在莱科克火山喷发的 UKESM1 模型模拟中包含火山灰，显示与观测结果的一致性有所提高

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-3985-2023
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Wells A