FUSED-Functionality of Urban Soils supporting Ecosystem service Delivery

FUSED-城市土壤支持生态系统服务提供的功能

• 批准号: NE/S004920/1
• 负责人: Wilfred Otten
• 金额: $ 46.46万
• 依托单位: CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS004920%2F1
• 关键词: FUSED; Functionality; Urban; Soils; supporting

Soil ecosystems provide critical ecosystem services that underpin human societies and wellbeing. Among others, these include: nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, waste detoxification, and supporting primary productivity. The delivery of these ecosystem services is dependent upon the biodiversity contained within the soil, and the ecosystem processes and functions it regulates. A positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem processes/function has been well documented in natural and agricultural soils, and importantly has been demonstrated to change following even very small or localised modifications to the soils environment. Thus modifications to soils that change the biodiversity present, will alter the delivery of ecosystem services on which humanity depends. However, a large amount of soil within the UK (and N. Europe) is contained within urban environments, and despite these comprising a huge variety of different soils types with a vast range of internal modifications, we know practically nothing about the biodiversity contained in these urban soils, the relationships between this and the ecosystem processes/functions it supports, and how this links to the delivery of key ecosystem services. Our project (FUSED) will address all these knowledge gaps, by examining the links between the physical and chemical structure of urban soil, the biodiversity it contains, the ecosystem processes and functions this supports and the delivery of four key ecosystem services (nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, waste detoxification, and primary productivity). To achieve this we will focus on existing gradients of urbanisation in SE England. This region comprises areas of long-term industrial use, areas redeveloped upon an industrial legacy, green spaces, new urban developments, alongside urban conurbations ranging from small villages with low human population densities, to high-density cities, and with smaller areas of pristine habitat and large swaths of agricultural land - providing the full catalogue of urban soil types, from entirely natural, those modified for agriculture and urban green space, to Technosols formed from artificial material and soils with sealed (e.g. under paving/roads) surfaces. Importantly this region, as a historical and contemporary focus of urban development, provides a window into the future of what the wider UK landscape will look like and the novel urban ecosystems it will contain. First we will identify generalisations by examining how the environmental context (degree of urbanisation, combined with contemporary and historical land-use, alongside urban soil type present) the urban soil is present in influences biodiversity, ecosystem processes/functions and ecosystem service delivery. Building upon this, we will establish a series of experimental manipulations that allow examination of how resilient and resistance urban soil biodiversity and associated ecosystem processes/functions are to modification and changes in environmental context. This combined, with tracking urban soil ecosystem through time, will provide a unique understanding of the ecological stability of these systems. Finally, we will integrate all collected data into a modelling framework that will provide a mechanistic understanding of factors underpinning the responses of soil biodiversity, ecosystem processes/functions and delivery of ecosystem services to current and future modifications.

土壤生态系统提供了支撑人类社会和福祉的关键生态系统服务。其中包括：养分循环、碳固存、废物解毒和支持初级生产力。这些生态系统服务的提供取决于土壤中的生物多样性及其调节的生态系统进程和功能。生物多样性和生态系统过程/功能之间的积极关系已在自然和农业土壤中得到很好的记录，重要的是，已被证明即使是非常小的或局部的土壤环境修改后也会发生变化。因此，改变现有生物多样性的土壤改造将改变人类所依赖的生态系统服务的提供。然而，大量的土壤在英国（和N。欧洲）包含在城市环境中，尽管这些土壤包括各种各样的不同土壤类型，具有广泛的内部变化，但我们对这些城市土壤中所含的生物多样性，与其支持的生态系统过程/功能之间的关系以及如何与关键生态系统服务的提供联系几乎一无所知。我们的项目（FUSED）将通过研究城市土壤的物理和化学结构，它所包含的生物多样性，生态系统过程和功能，以及四个关键生态系统服务（养分循环，碳固存，废物解毒和初级生产力）之间的联系来解决所有这些知识差距。为了实现这一目标，我们将重点关注英格兰东南部现有的城市化梯度。该区域包括长期工业用途区域、工业遗产重建区域、绿色空间、新的城市开发区，以及从人口密度低的小村庄到人口密度高的城市，以及较小面积的原始栖息地和大片农业用地的城市大都市，提供了城市土壤类型的完整目录，从完全自然的，为农业和城市绿色空间改性的那些，到由人造材料和具有密封（例如在铺路/道路下）表面的土壤形成的Technosol。重要的是，该地区作为城市发展的历史和当代焦点，为未来更广泛的英国景观及其所包含的新颖城市生态系统提供了一个窗口。首先，我们将通过研究环境背景（城市化程度，结合当代和历史的土地利用，以及城市土壤类型）来确定概括性，城市土壤存在于影响生物多样性，生态系统过程/功能和生态系统服务提供。在此基础上，我们将建立一系列的实验操作，允许检查如何弹性和阻力城市土壤生物多样性和相关的生态系统过程/功能是修改和环境变化的背景下。这与跟踪城市土壤生态系统的时间相结合，将提供这些系统的生态稳定性的独特理解。最后，我们将把所有收集到的数据整合到一个建模框架中，该框架将提供对土壤生物多样性、生态系统过程/功能以及生态系统服务对当前和未来修改的响应的基础因素的机械理解。

项目成果

Accounting for soil architecture and microbial dynamics in microscale models: Current practices in soil science and the path ahead

• DOI: 10.1111/ejss.13142
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: European Journal of Soil Science
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: V. Pot;X. Portell;W. Otten;P. Garnier;O. Monga;P. Baveye

Hardware Acceleration of Reaction-Diffusion Systems: A Guide to Optimisation of Pattern Formation Algorithms Using Openacc

反应扩散系统的硬件加速：使用 Openacc 优化图案形成算法的指南

• DOI: 10.23919/springsim.2019.8732883
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Falconer R

Linking rhizosphere processes across scales: Opinion

• DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05306-7
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: bioRxiv
• 作者: A. Schnepf;A. Carminati;M. A. Ahmed;M. Ani;P. Benard;J. Bentz;M. Bonkowski;M. Brax;D. Diehl-D.