Developing a 'GI4RAQ' platform to predict quantitatively the potential of strategic green infrastructure to improve roadside air quality at planning

开发“GI4RAQ”平台，定量预测战略性绿色基础设施在规划时改善路边空气质量的潜力

• 批准号: NE/S00582X/1
• 负责人: A. MacKenzie
• 金额: $ 2.56万
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS00582X%2F1
• 关键词: Developing; GI4RAQ; platform; predict; quantitatively

Air pollution constitutes the greatest environmental risk to human health, with 90% of the world's urban population living in cities exceeding the World Health Organization's air quality (AQ) guidelines and outdoor air pollution claiming approximately 3 million lives each year. In the UK alone, outdoor air pollution is linked to 50,000 deaths annually, and road transport has been identified as the main culprit in urban areas. Roadside air quality (RAQ) often exceeds AQ objectives and has been the subject of litigation against the UK government, but the government devolves responsibility for AQ to local authorities (LAs). RAQ is therefore a particular concern to LAs. Whilst multiple recent studies have highlighted the potential for strategic green infrastructure (GI) to improve RAQ, there is currently a lack of appropriate platform to quantitatively predict the highly location-specific impacts of GI interventions at the planning stage; the requisite quantitative research has been carried out, but not translated into practice. The purpose of this Pathfinder is to plan the full development to market of an easily-adopted 'GI4RAQ' platform (TRL 2 to 5) through a process of co-design with target end-users and informed market assessment.The Pathfinder Project Objectives are listed below; please see 'Objectives' section for more details and directly-mapped Milestones and Outputs.1. Confirm target end-users and secure early-adopters2. Engage with early-adopters to determine precise form of platform required3. Commission independent market assessment4. Plan development of GI4RAQ platform to market (TRL 2 to 5)The University of Birmingham's (UoB's) Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR) will develop the platform. BIFoR, and colleagues from the UoB's School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, has expertise in: computer modelling of AQ, including RAQ specifically and effects of vegetation; in-situ measurements of RAQ and their use in validating model predictions of RAQ impacts; and engagement with built environment practitioners via the Trees and Design Action Group, Woodland Trust and Forest and Woodlands Advisory Committees' Urban Network.BIFoR researchers used the CiTTyCAT computer model to carry out a first exploration of the potential of GI to improve RAQ, and have since added ultrafine particle multicomponent microphysics to a closely-related model, CiTTy-Street-UFP. They have also recently made conceptual advances in the parsimonious description of streetscapes, enabling tractable diagnosis of their effect on RAQ. The likely route of GI4RAQ platform development comprises: consolidation of these models and recent advances to produce a single open-source, freely-available CiTTyCAT-Street model; and the co-design with target end-users of a simple and intuitive graphical user interface, linked to 'pre-validated parameter sets' and 'results look-up tables' derived from CiTTyCAT-Street, for rapid design decision-making in the planning process. The UoB could, alternatively, seek to add proprietorial code to a commercial industry-standard urban AQ model. The preferred route of model development will depend on the expected uptake of the platform, relative speed of development and implications for intellectual property rights and revenue to be determined during the Pathfinder via end-user engagement, market assessment and further exploration with the aid of the UoB Technology Transfer Office (TTO), respectively.Keywords: BIFoR; natural environment; built environment; green infrastructure; air quality; human health; natural capital; ecosystem services; urban forestry; planning; research; academic, public and private sectors.Stakeholders: BIFoR Director; BIFoR Steering Committee members; UoB; UoB School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UoB TTO; NERC; Greater London Authority; Birmingham City Council; Cambridge City Council; other local authorities; DEFRA; and DCLG.

空气污染对人类健康构成最大的环境风险，世界上90%的城市人口居住在空气质量（AQ）超出世界卫生组织指导方针的城市，室外空气污染每年夺去约300万人的生命。仅在英国，室外空气污染每年就导致 50,000 人死亡，而道路交通已被确定为城市地区的罪魁祸首。路边空气质量 (RAQ) 经常超出 AQ 目标，并成为针对英国政府的诉讼对象，但政府将 AQ 责任下放给地方当局 (LA)。因此，RAQ 是洛杉矶特别关注的问题。虽然近期多项研究强调了战略性绿色基础设施 (GI) 改善 RAQ 的潜力，但目前缺乏适当的平台来在规划阶段定量预测 GI 干预措施对特定地点的影响；已经进行了必要的定量研究，但尚未转化为实践。该探路者的目的是通过与目标最终用户共同设计和知情的市场评估过程，计划将易于采用的“GI4RAQ”平台（TRL 2 至 5）全面推向市场。探路者项目目标如下所列；请参阅“目标”部分了解更多详细信息以及直接映射的里程碑和产出。1。确认目标最终用户并确保早期采用者2。与早期采用者互动以确定所需平台的精确形式3。委员会独立市场评估4。计划将 GI4RAQ 平台开发推向市场（TRL 2 至 5）伯明翰大学 (UoB) 森林研究所 (BIFoR) 将开发该平台。 BIFoR 和来自伦敦大学地理、地球与环境科学学院的同事拥有以下专业知识： AQ 的计算机建模，特别包括 RAQ 和植被的影响； RAQ 的现场测量及其在验证 RAQ 影响模型预测中的应用；并通过树木和设计行动小组、林地信托基金以及森林和林地咨询委员会的城市网络与建筑环境从业者进行接触。BIFoR 研究人员使用 CiTTyCAT 计算机模型对 GI 改善 RAQ 的潜力进行了首次探索，此后将超细颗粒多组分微物理添加到密切相关的模型 CiTTy-Street-UFP 中。他们最近还在街景的简约描述方面取得了概念上的进展，从而能够轻松诊断其对 RAQ 的影响。 GI4RAQ 平台开发的可能路线包括： 整合这些模型和最新进展，以生成单一开源、免费提供的 CiTTyCAT-Street 模型；与目标最终用户共同设计简单直观的图形用户界面，链接到源自 CiTTyCAT-Street 的“预先验证的参数集”和“结果查找表”，以便在规划过程中快速做出设计决策。或者，伦敦大学可以寻求将专有代码添加到商业行业标准的城市空气质量模型中。模型开发的首选路线将取决于平台的预期采用率、相对开发速度以及对知识产权和收入的影响，这些影响将在探路者期间分别通过最终用户参与、市场评估和在大华银行技术转让办公室 (TTO) 的帮助下进一步探索来确定。自然环境；建筑环境；绿色基础设施；空气质量；人类健康；自然资本；生态系统服务；城市林业；规划;研究;学术界、公共部门和私营部门。利益相关者：BIForR 主任； BIForR 指导委员会成员；伦敦大学；柏林大学地理、地球与环境科学学院；大华银行 TTO；国家研究委员会；大伦敦管理局；伯明翰市议会；剑桥市议会；其他地方当局； DEFRA；和 DCLG。

项目成果

Feasibility Study Report, 'Eastville Junction: A Green Place - A Cool Place'

可行性研究报告，“伊斯特维尔枢纽：一个绿色的地方——一个凉爽的地方”

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Churchman Thornhill Finch

Traffic-induced multicomponent ultrafine particle microphysics in the WRF v3.6.1 large eddy simulation model: General behaviour from idealised scenarios at the neighbourhood-scale

WRF v3.6.1 大涡模拟模型中交通引起的多组分超细颗粒微物理：邻里尺度理想化场景的一般行为

• DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117213
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Atmospheric Environment
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Zhong J

Green Infrastructure for Clean Air and One Health, in Policy Solutions to the Clean Air Challenge

清洁空气挑战的政策解决方案中的绿色基础设施，促进清洁空气和同一个健康

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Levine JG

Green Infrastructure Masterplan, 'Going Green', for Colmore & Retail Business Improvement Districts

科尔莫绿色基础设施总体规划“走向绿色”

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Broadway Malyan

Urban form strongly mediates the allometric scaling of airshed pollution concentrations

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab50e3
• 发表时间: 2019-12
• 期刊: Environmental Research Letters
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Rob MacKenzie;D. Whyatt;M. Barnes;Gemma Davies;C. Hewitt