Developing a 'GI4RAQ' platform to predict quantitatively the potential of strategic green infrastructure to improve roadside air quality at planning

开发“GI4RAQ”平台，定量预测战略性绿色基础设施在规划时改善路边空气质量的潜力

• 批准号: NE/S00582X/1
• 负责人: A. MacKenzie
• 金额: $ 2.56万
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS00582X%2F1
• 关键词: Developing; GI4RAQ; platform; predict; quantitatively

Air pollution constitutes the greatest environmental risk to human health, with 90% of the world's urban population living in cities exceeding the World Health Organization's air quality (AQ) guidelines and outdoor air pollution claiming approximately 3 million lives each year. In the UK alone, outdoor air pollution is linked to 50,000 deaths annually, and road transport has been identified as the main culprit in urban areas. Roadside air quality (RAQ) often exceeds AQ objectives and has been the subject of litigation against the UK government, but the government devolves responsibility for AQ to local authorities (LAs). RAQ is therefore a particular concern to LAs. Whilst multiple recent studies have highlighted the potential for strategic green infrastructure (GI) to improve RAQ, there is currently a lack of appropriate platform to quantitatively predict the highly location-specific impacts of GI interventions at the planning stage; the requisite quantitative research has been carried out, but not translated into practice. The purpose of this Pathfinder is to plan the full development to market of an easily-adopted 'GI4RAQ' platform (TRL 2 to 5) through a process of co-design with target end-users and informed market assessment.The Pathfinder Project Objectives are listed below; please see 'Objectives' section for more details and directly-mapped Milestones and Outputs.1. Confirm target end-users and secure early-adopters2. Engage with early-adopters to determine precise form of platform required3. Commission independent market assessment4. Plan development of GI4RAQ platform to market (TRL 2 to 5)The University of Birmingham's (UoB's) Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR) will develop the platform. BIFoR, and colleagues from the UoB's School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, has expertise in: computer modelling of AQ, including RAQ specifically and effects of vegetation; in-situ measurements of RAQ and their use in validating model predictions of RAQ impacts; and engagement with built environment practitioners via the Trees and Design Action Group, Woodland Trust and Forest and Woodlands Advisory Committees' Urban Network.BIFoR researchers used the CiTTyCAT computer model to carry out a first exploration of the potential of GI to improve RAQ, and have since added ultrafine particle multicomponent microphysics to a closely-related model, CiTTy-Street-UFP. They have also recently made conceptual advances in the parsimonious description of streetscapes, enabling tractable diagnosis of their effect on RAQ. The likely route of GI4RAQ platform development comprises: consolidation of these models and recent advances to produce a single open-source, freely-available CiTTyCAT-Street model; and the co-design with target end-users of a simple and intuitive graphical user interface, linked to 'pre-validated parameter sets' and 'results look-up tables' derived from CiTTyCAT-Street, for rapid design decision-making in the planning process. The UoB could, alternatively, seek to add proprietorial code to a commercial industry-standard urban AQ model. The preferred route of model development will depend on the expected uptake of the platform, relative speed of development and implications for intellectual property rights and revenue to be determined during the Pathfinder via end-user engagement, market assessment and further exploration with the aid of the UoB Technology Transfer Office (TTO), respectively.Keywords: BIFoR; natural environment; built environment; green infrastructure; air quality; human health; natural capital; ecosystem services; urban forestry; planning; research; academic, public and private sectors.Stakeholders: BIFoR Director; BIFoR Steering Committee members; UoB; UoB School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UoB TTO; NERC; Greater London Authority; Birmingham City Council; Cambridge City Council; other local authorities; DEFRA; and DCLG.

空气污染构成了对人类健康的最大环境风险，世界上有90％的城市人口居住在城市中，超过了世界卫生组织的空气质量（AQ）指南（AQ）指南和室外空气污染，每年约有300万寿命。仅在英国，室外空气污染就与每年50,000人死亡有关，道路运输已被确定为城市地区的主要罪魁祸首。路边空气质量（RAQ）经常超过AQ目标，并且一直是针对英国政府的诉讼主题，但政府将AQ责任推迟到地方当局（LAS）。因此，RAQ是LA的特别关注。尽管最近的多项研究强调了战略性绿色基础设施（GI）改善RAQ的潜力，但目前缺乏适当的平台来定量预测计划阶段GI干预措施的高度位置特定的影响；所需的定量研究已经进行，但没有被翻译成实践。该探路者的目的是通过与目标最终用户和知情的市场评估共同设计的过程来计划全面开发到易于预料的“ GI4RAQ”平台（TRL 2至5）的市场。探路者项目目标如下列出；请参阅“目标”部分以获取更多详细信息以及直接映射的里程碑和输出。1。确认目标最终用户并确保早期用户2。与早期顾问互动，以确定所需平台的精确形式3。委员会独立市场评估4。 GI4RAQ市场平台的计划开发（TRL 2至5）伯明翰大学（UOB）森林研究所（BIFOR）将开发该平台。 BIFOR和来自UOB地理，地球和环境科学学院的同事在：AQ的计算机建模方面具有专业知识，包括RAQ，包括专门的植被和植被的影响； RAQ的原位测量及其在验证RAQ影响的模型预测中的使用；以及通过树木和设计行动小组，Woodland和Forest and Woodlands咨询委员会的城市网络与建筑环境从业人员的参与。Bifor研究人员使用CittyCat计算机模型来首次探索GI的潜力改善RAQ，并且此后添加了Ultrafine Multicemant Micropontics Microphysics，以使其非常重视的模型citty-sitty-strtrystry-str-- f。他们最近在街道景观的简约描述中也取得了概念进步，从而可以诊断出其对Raq的影响。 GI4RAQ平台开发的可能途径包括：这些模型的合并以及最新的进步，以产生单个开源的，可自由的CittyCat-street模型；以及与简单直观的图形用户界面的目标最终用户的共同设计，该界面链接到“预验证参数集”和“结果查找表”，从CittyCat-Street得出，以在计划过程中快速设计决策。另外，UOB可以寻求将专有代码添加到商业标准的城市AQ模型中。模型开发的首选途径将取决于平台的预期吸收，发展速度的相对速度以及对知识产权的影响以及在探路者期间通过最终用户参与，市场评估和进一步探索的知识产权和收入的影响，分别是UOB技术转移办公室（TTO）。自然环境；建筑环境；绿色基础设施；空气质量；人类健康；自然资本；生态系统服务；城市林业；规划;研究;学术，公共和私营部门。利益相关者：BIFOR主任； BIFOR指导委员会成员； uob; UOB地理，地球和环境科学学院； uob tto; nerc;大伦敦权威；伯明翰市议会；剑桥市议会；其他地方当局； Defra;和DCLG。

项目成果

Feasibility Study Report, 'Eastville Junction: A Green Place - A Cool Place'

可行性研究报告，“伊斯特维尔枢纽：一个绿色的地方——一个凉爽的地方”

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Churchman Thornhill Finch

Traffic-induced multicomponent ultrafine particle microphysics in the WRF v3.6.1 large eddy simulation model: General behaviour from idealised scenarios at the neighbourhood-scale

WRF v3.6.1 大涡模拟模型中交通引起的多组分超细颗粒微物理：邻里尺度理想化场景的一般行为

• DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117213
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Atmospheric Environment
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Zhong J

Green Infrastructure for Clean Air and One Health, in Policy Solutions to the Clean Air Challenge

清洁空气挑战的政策解决方案中的绿色基础设施，促进清洁空气和同一个健康

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Levine JG

Urban form strongly mediates the allometric scaling of airshed pollution concentrations

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab50e3
• 发表时间: 2019-12
• 期刊: Environmental Research Letters
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Rob MacKenzie;D. Whyatt;M. Barnes;Gemma Davies;C. Hewitt

Green Infrastructure Masterplan, 'Going Green', for Colmore & Retail Business Improvement Districts

科尔莫绿色基础设施总体规划“走向绿色”

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Broadway Malyan