What are the impacts of agricultural soil and crop management on greenhouse gas fluxes? - Informing post Brexit agricultural subsidy policy

农业土壤和作物管理对温室气体通量有何影响？

• 批准号: NE/S015949/1
• 负责人: Alexandra Collins
• 金额: $ 10.11万
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS015949%2F1
• 关键词: What; impacts; agricultural; soil; crop

The UK's decision to leave the European Union presents an opportunity to transform the financial assistance given to farmers and other land managers, so that practices that enhance the environment and assist in the mitigation and adaption to climate can be incentivised. Different soil and crop management practices affect the flux of greenhouse gases (GHG), meaning that agricultural production can be a significant source of emissions. As a result, leveraging the mitigation potential in the agricultural sector by promoting practices known to contribute less to GHG emissions is extremely important in meeting the country's emission reduction targets and goals committed to in the Paris Agreement. Here we propose a systematic map of the evidence relating to the impact of soil and crop management of arable land in temperate regions on GHG flux, including both mineral and organic soils. Following preliminary searches and an awareness of related evidence bases we are aware that there is a suitable volume of research related to the topic to warrant systematic mapping (i.e. the evidence base is large but within the limits of that dealt with in recent systematic maps). This map will be produced using established, yet state-of-the-art methods for systematic mapping in environmental sciences and we will follow the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) guidance and standards. During our mapping, we will search for, collate and catalogue research studies relating to the impacts of farming in temperate systems (i.e. relevant to the UK) on GHG emissions, identifying evidence for agricultural practices that mitigate against climate change and those that contribute to it. This will inform the design of reformed agricultural subsidies, enabling pubic money to be spent on activities that are the most beneficial in mitigating against climate change. The mapping will be aided by using cutting-edge machine learning, natural language processing and text-mining tools which provides an opportunity to apply these tools for the first time during the conduct of an environmental systematic map, to test their use in policy relevant reviews and to develop skills and capabilities. These technological tools will be used to support but not replace human-driven systematic mapping to increase efficiency, reduce risk and maximise legacy without affecting the rigour demanded by CEE standards (which do not currently cater for machine-driven synthesis). Additionally, an interactive visualisations platform will be produced enable users to interact with the map and select specific areas to examine in more detail. Furthermore, the development of machine learning will enable the automatic recognition of relevant newly published research so that an ongoing 'living' evidence map is created. A highly experienced review team with experts in evidence synthesis methods, agricultural policy and the application of innovative technologies will conduct the mapping. A technical advisory group will be established to support the review team with subject and methodological expertise. A representative from the UK and Devolved Administrations will be invited to join this group in order to ensure the policy relevance of the map and so that bilateral knowledge exchange can occur during its production. A larger stakeholder group will also be engaged during the project to maximise impact. Finally, all resources will be made Open Access, and the living evidence map will enable decision-makers to have access to the most up to date information to inform policies and subsidies, thus ensuring the legacy of the work after the project is completed.

英国退出欧盟的决定为改变对农民和其他土地管理者的财政援助提供了一个机会，从而可以激励改善环境并有助于缓解和适应气候的做法。不同的土壤和作物管理做法会影响温室气体（GHG）的流量，这意味着农业生产可能是一个重要的排放源。因此，通过推广已知的温室气体排放较少的做法，充分发挥农业部门的减排潜力，对于实现国家减排目标和巴黎协定承诺的目标至关重要。在这里，我们提出了一个系统的地图的证据有关的土壤和作物管理的耕地在温带地区的温室气体通量的影响，包括矿物和有机土壤。经过初步搜索和对相关证据基础的了解，我们意识到，与该主题相关的研究数量相当，需要进行系统绘图（即证据基础很大，但在最近的系统绘图所涉及的范围内）。这张地图将使用已建立的，但最先进的方法进行系统的环境科学制图，我们将遵循环境证据合作（CEE）的指导和标准。在我们的测绘过程中，我们将搜索、整理和编目与温带系统中农业影响有关的研究（即与英国相关的）温室气体排放，确定减缓气候变化的农业做法的证据，以及有助于气候变化的农业做法。这将为改革农业补贴的设计提供信息，使公共资金能够用于最有利于减缓气候变化的活动。将利用先进的机器学习、自然语言处理和文本挖掘工具协助制图工作，这为在绘制环境系统图期间首次应用这些工具提供了机会，以测试这些工具在政策相关审查中的使用情况，并发展技能和能力。这些技术工具将用于支持而不是取代人工驱动的系统绘图，以提高效率，降低风险并最大限度地提高遗产，同时不影响中欧和东欧标准所要求的严格性（目前不适合机器驱动的综合）。此外，还将建立一个交互式可视化平台，使用户能够与地图进行交互，并选择具体区域进行更详细的检查。此外，机器学习的发展将能够自动识别相关的新发表的研究，从而创建一个持续的“活”证据图。一个由证据综合方法、农业政策和创新技术应用方面的专家组成的经验丰富的审查小组将进行绘图。将设立一个技术咨询小组，为审查小组提供专题和方法方面的专门知识。将邀请联合王国和地方政府的一名代表加入该小组，以确保地图的政策相关性，并在地图制作期间进行双边知识交流。一个更大的利益相关者群体也将参与项目，以最大限度地发挥影响。最后，所有资源都将开放获取，活证据地图将使决策者能够获得最新的信息，为政策和补贴提供信息，从而确保项目完成后的工作遗产。

项目成果

What are the impacts of within-field farmland management practices on the flux of greenhouse gases from arable cropland in temperate regions? A systematic map protocol

田间农田管理实践对温带地区耕地温室气体通量有何影响？

• DOI: 10.1186/s13750-019-0182-2
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Environmental Evidence
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Collins A

Additional file 1 of Existing evidence on the impacts of within-field farmland management practices on the flux of greenhouse gases from arable cropland in temperate regions: a systematic map

关于田间农田管理实践对温带地区耕地温室气体通量影响的现有证据的附加文件 1：系统图

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20154211
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Collins A

Existing evidence on the impacts of within-field farmland management practices on the flux of greenhouse gases from arable cropland in temperate regions: a systematic map

关于田间农田管理实践对温带地区耕地温室气体通量影响的现有证据：系统图

• DOI: 10.1186/s13750-022-00275-x
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Environmental Evidence
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Collins A