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COVID 19 - The Hidden Rise in Toxic Air Pollution during the COVID-19 Pandemic: is our response worsening the respiratory burden of particulate matter

COVID 19 - COVID-19 大流行期间有毒空气污染的隐性增长：我们的应对措施是否加剧了颗粒物的呼吸负担

基本信息

批准号：
NE/V009400/1
负责人：
Kevin Wyche
金额：
$ 6.73万
依托单位：
University of Brighton
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FV009400%2F1
关键词：
COVID 19 Hidden Rise Toxic

项目摘要

Recent research has highlighted the concerning paradigm that reducing ambient concentrations of legislated air pollution, in the form of PM2.5, may lead to a decline in air quality by increasing the concentration of more harmful ultrafine particles (UFP; diameter less than 100nm). It has been shown that PM2.5 plays a crucial role in suppression of UFP numbers, with larger PM2.5 particles acting to scavenge the more toxic UFP from the air. Consequently, removal of PM2.5 as a UFP sink may result in enhanced ambient UFP numbers, particularly if UFP emissions and gaseous precursor concentrations remain unchecked. With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, anthropogenic activity around the globe has decreased in a vast and unprecedented manner, to such an extent that concentrations of commonly measured primary air pollutants have decreased dramatically. However, levels of secondary pollutants (which often correlate with finest UFP fractions) have already begun to rise. It follows that this sudden, global drop in anthropogenic activity and ambient PM2.5 has the potential to drive an unexpected and potentially significant increase in UFP concentrations and associated detrimental health effects. If we are now inadvertently adding an unlooked-for cardio-respiratory pollutant into the air at a time when many are vulnerable to a virus that impacts the respiratory system, we risk widening the COVID-19 'window of vulnerability', where increased UFP exposure acts to exacerbate underlying conditions for individuals with pre-existing co-morbidities, who may otherwise be considered 'lower risk', and worsen the impact of the virus for those already considered as 'at risk'.

最近的研究强调了一种令人担忧的模式，即以PM2.5的形式降低环境中法定空气污染的浓度，可能会通过增加更有害的超细颗粒物(UFP；直径小于100纳米)的浓度而导致空气质量下降。研究表明，PM2.5在抑制UFP数量方面发挥了关键作用，较大的PM2.5颗粒起到了清除空气中更有毒的UFP的作用。因此，去除PM2.5作为超细颗粒物汇可能导致环境超细颗粒物数量增加，特别是在超细颗粒物排放和气体前体浓度仍未得到控制的情况下。随着新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，全球各地的人为活动以前所未有的方式大幅减少，以至于通常测量的主要空气污染物的浓度大幅下降。然而，二次污染物的水平(通常与最细的UFP部分相关)已经开始上升。由此推论，人类活动和环境PM2.5的这种突然的全球下降有可能导致UFP浓度意外和潜在的显著增加，以及相关的有害健康影响。如果我们现在不经意间向空气中添加了一种意想不到的心肺污染物，而此时许多人都容易受到一种影响呼吸系统的病毒的影响，我们就有可能扩大新冠肺炎的“脆弱窗口”，即增加接触UFP会加剧既往并存疾病患者的潜在病情，否则这些患者可能被认为是“较低风险”，并加剧了病毒对那些已经被认为是“高危”的人的影响。