Identifying mechanisms driving spatiotemporal disease dynamics in converted landscapes

识别改造景观中驱动时空疾病动态的机制

• 批准号: NE/V014730/1
• 负责人: Christina Faust
• 金额: $ 73.85万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FV014730%2F1
• 关键词: Identifying; mechanisms; driving; spatiotemporal; disease

Around the globe, landscapes are being converted from natural habitats into a mosaic of agriculture and other human-dominated landscapes. These shifts in land use impact plant and animal species and usually lead to declines in biodiversity compared to undisturbed landscapes. Concomitant to this decline in biodiversity is a change in abundance and diversity of the pathogens that infect the animals and plants present. Transmission of a pathogen can decline or increase due to changes in availability of suitable hosts, changes in the abiotic environment, altered movement of hosts or some other impact of changing landscapes. It is timely and critical to quantify changes in pathogen burden, as there is an ongoing increase in frequency and scale of landscape conversion globally. We currently lack the ability to accurately predict the response of a particular pathogen in a landscape undergoing conversion. In this project I will use a combination of approaches to disentangle factors affecting pathogens in changing landscapes: 1) I will establish a longitudinal survey of small mammals at sites that have been converted from natural forests to smallholder agricultural fields from 1 to 15 years prior. I will then examine how the small mammal abundance and diversity changes across time and determine how that impacts prevalence of a parasitic nematode. 2) I will investigate how the types of environments and distribution of different habitats across the regional landscape affect movement of hosts and pathogens between populations. 3) I will develop models and analyze a global database to investigate which underlying host, parasite, and environmental traits are important for predicting short-term responses to land conversion. This approach is expected to lead to an improved understanding of how pathogen transmission is altered in dynamic landscapes and provide a better ability to predict how transmission may change in the future, particularly with different anthropogenic induced land use change.

在地球仪周围，自然栖息地的景观正在转变为农业和其他人类主导景观的马赛克。这些土地利用的变化影响了植物和动物物种，与未受干扰的景观相比，通常导致生物多样性下降。伴随着生物多样性的下降，感染现有动物和植物的病原体的丰度和多样性也发生了变化。病原体的传播可以减少或增加，这是由于合适宿主的可用性变化、非生物环境的变化、宿主运动的改变或景观变化的一些其他影响。量化病原体负担的变化是及时和关键的，因为全球景观转换的频率和规模正在不断增加。我们目前缺乏准确预测特定病原体在经历转化的景观中的反应的能力。在这个项目中，我将使用一个组合的方法来解开在不断变化的景观中影响病原体的因素：1）我将建立一个小型哺乳动物的纵向调查，从1到15年前从天然林转换为小农农田的网站。然后，我将研究小型哺乳动物的丰度和多样性如何随着时间的推移而变化，并确定这如何影响寄生线虫的流行。2)我将研究如何在区域景观的环境类型和不同栖息地的分布影响种群之间的主机和病原体的移动。3)我将开发模型并分析全球数据库，以调查哪些潜在的主机，寄生虫和环境特征对于预测土地转换的短期反应是重要的。这种方法预计将导致更好地了解病原体的传播是如何改变动态景观，并提供更好的能力来预测如何传输可能会改变在未来，特别是不同的人为引起的土地利用变化。

项目成果

Seasonal dynamics of the wild rodent faecal virome.

• DOI: 10.1111/mec.16778
• 发表时间: 2023-09
• 期刊: Molecular ecology
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Raghwani J;Faust CL;François S;Nguyen D;Marsh K;Raulo A;Hill SC;Parag KV;Simmonds P;Knowles SCL;Pybus OG
• 通讯作者: Pybus OG