Can megafauna shift the carbon and surface radiation budgets of the Arctic?
巨型动物群能否改变北极的碳和地表辐射预算?
基本信息
- 批准号:NE/W00089X/2
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 81.95万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2024
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2024 至 无数据
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
One of the key challenges and concerns when considering 21st century climate change is the identification and avoidance of positive feedbacks (which may lead to "tipping points") in the biosphere carbon cycle, where parts of the biosphere respond to climate change by becoming major emitters of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. High latitude tundras are particular regions of concern, as they hold substantial reserves of permafrost carbon -especially the Yedoma soils of northeast Siberia and north-western North America- and are also substantial sources of atmospheric methane. Although these regions are now dominated by wet shrub- and moss-dominated tundra and forest-tundra vegetation, there is evidence that throughout Pleistocene glacials and interglacials the region was dominated by highly productive grasslands ("the mammoth steppe"), the most extensive land biome on Earth, which supported high animal biomass despite the cold temperatures. SA Zimov (1995, 2012) proposed that the mammoth steppe was created and maintained by the abundance of large herbivores (e.g. bison, horses, rhinoceros, mammoths), and that it was the extinction of these megafauna, most likely caused by the spread of human hunting populations into the Arctic in the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene, that led to the collapse of the mammoth steppe and its replacement by the current low productivity wet tundra vegetation. Moreover, he proposed that the introduction of a guild of megafauna herbivores with diverse feeding strategies such as horses and bison into the Arctic could lead to the rebirth of this lost cold high-latitude ecosystem. This would stabilise soil carbon reserves and act as mechanism to diffuse the threat of a carbon cycle positive feedback in the permafrost regions. In 1996, SA Zimov established the "Pleistocene Park" in northeast Siberia to demonstrate the feasibility of megafaunal introduction in the Arctic and its potential to shift ecosystem states from tundra to grassland. While the experiment has succeeded in initiating a vegetation shift from wet tundra and forest-tundra to open, grass-dominated landscapes, to date no detailed and systematic monitoring has been implemented to test the core components of SA Zimov ecosystem-climate hypothesis. These outline how such an ecosystem shift would affect land surface radiation and water budgets, soil and surface temperature and moisture, and net carbon balance. Here, we propose to work closely with Sergey and Nikita Zimov to conduct the first detailed evaluation of the above hypotheses, using state-of-the art techniques to assess the carbon, water and radiation budgets of the land surface with and without megafaunal rewilding. We will measure the net flux of carbon and water from the ecosystem to the atmosphere using flux measurement towers and soil CO2 efflux measurements, coupled with detailed measurements of soil and atmospheric conditions and energy balance, and scaled using drone-based maps. Detailed observation of ecosystem and microclimate processes in the field will provide parametrisation of key aspects of the system in two Earth System Models (BNU-ESM & CAS-ESM), allowing exploration of the potential impacts of different possible scenarios of high-latitude biome shift on planetary climate and biogeochemical processes. This work would provide unique mechanistic insights into the present, past and potential future ecosystem and climate dynamics of large parts of the Arctic
在考虑21世纪世纪气候变化时,一个关键的挑战和关切是确定和避免生物圈碳循环中的正反馈(这可能导致“临界点”),在这种情况下,生物圈的某些部分通过成为大气中温室气体的主要排放者来应对气候变化。高纬度冻土带是特别令人关注的地区,因为它们拥有大量的永久冻土碳储量-特别是西伯利亚东北部和北美西北部的Yedoma土壤-并且也是大气甲烷的重要来源。虽然这些地区现在主要是潮湿的灌木和苔藓为主的苔原和森林苔原植被,但有证据表明,在整个更新世冰川和间冰期,该地区主要是高产草原(“猛犸草原”),这是地球上最广泛的陆地生物群落,尽管气温很低,但仍然维持着高的动物生物量。SA Zimov(1995年,2012年)提出,猛犸草原是由大量的大型食草动物创造和维持的(例如野牛、马、犀牛、猛犸象),而正是这些巨型动物的灭绝,最有可能是由于人类狩猎种群在更新世晚期和全新世早期扩散到北极造成的,这导致了猛犸草原的崩溃,取而代之的是目前生产力低下的潮湿苔原植被。此外,他还提出,将一个拥有马和野牛等多种进食策略的巨型动物食草动物协会引入北极,可能会使这一失落的寒冷高纬度生态系统重生。这将稳定土壤碳储量,并作为一种机制来分散永久冻土地区碳循环正反馈的威胁。1996年,SA Zimov在西伯利亚东北部建立了“更新世公园”,以证明在北极引入巨型动物的可行性及其将生态系统状态从冻土带转变为草原的潜力。虽然该试验成功地启动了植被从湿苔原和森林苔原向开阔的、以草为主的景观的转变,但迄今为止尚未进行详细和系统的监测,以检验SA Zimov生态系统-气候假设的核心组成部分。这些概述了这种生态系统的转变将如何影响地表辐射和水收支、土壤和地表温度和湿度以及净碳平衡。在这里,我们建议与Sergey和Nikita Zimov密切合作,对上述假设进行第一次详细评估,使用最先进的技术来评估陆地表面的碳,水和辐射预算,有和没有巨型动物重新野化。我们将使用通量测量塔和土壤CO2排放测量,结合土壤和大气条件以及能量平衡的详细测量,并使用无人机地图缩放,测量从生态系统到大气的碳和水的净通量。对实地生态系统和小气候过程的详细观测将为两个地球系统模式(BNU-ESM和CAS-ESM)中系统的关键方面提供参数化,从而可以探索高纬度生物群落变化对行星气候和地球化学过程的不同可能情景的潜在影响。这项工作将为北极大部分地区现在、过去和未来潜在的生态系统和气候动态提供独特的机制见解
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
数据更新时间:{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}
{{
item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
- DOI:
{{ item.doi }} - 发表时间:
{{ item.publish_year }} - 期刊:
- 影响因子:{{ item.factor }}
- 作者:
{{ item.authors }} - 通讯作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ monograph.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ sciAawards.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ conferencePapers.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ patent.updateTime }}
Marc Macias Fauria其他文献
Marc Macias Fauria的其他文献
{{
item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
- DOI:
{{ item.doi }} - 发表时间:
{{ item.publish_year }} - 期刊:
- 影响因子:{{ item.factor }}
- 作者:
{{ item.authors }} - 通讯作者:
{{ item.author }}
{{ truncateString('Marc Macias Fauria', 18)}}的其他基金
Can megafauna shift the carbon and surface radiation budgets of the Arctic?
巨型动物群能否改变北极的碳和地表辐射预算?
- 批准号:
NE/W00089X/1 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 81.95万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
The role of Arctic sea ice in climatic and ecological processes
北极海冰在气候和生态过程中的作用
- 批准号:
NE/L011859/1 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 81.95万 - 项目类别:
Fellowship
相似国自然基金
细胞代谢重组过程中蛋白质组热稳定性分析
- 批准号:31970706
- 批准年份:2019
- 资助金额:58.0 万元
- 项目类别:面上项目
基于自适应Q-shift双树复小波分析的碳纤维复合材料缺陷识别
- 批准号:61363050
- 批准年份:2013
- 资助金额:47.0 万元
- 项目类别:地区科学基金项目
基于对象与专家知识的高分辨率SAR图像典型地物提取研究
- 批准号:41071274
- 批准年份:2010
- 资助金额:38.0 万元
- 项目类别:面上项目
背景反匹配和微分流形的目标稳健跟踪与归属判别
- 批准号:60805045
- 批准年份:2008
- 资助金额:20.0 万元
- 项目类别:青年科学基金项目
可视跟踪中的稳健性研究
- 批准号:60642009
- 批准年份:2006
- 资助金额:7.0 万元
- 项目类别:专项基金项目
相似海外基金
Development of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase model for the reverse water gas shift reaction at ambient conditions
环境条件下逆水煤气变换反应的一氧化碳脱氢酶模型的开发
- 批准号:
23KJ1738 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 81.95万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
HDO Imaging is a Quantitative Marker of Cerebral Glucose Oxidation
HDO 成像是脑葡萄糖氧化的定量标志物
- 批准号:
10687186 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 81.95万 - 项目类别:
Regime shift in the High Arctic ecosystem: elucidation of the mechanism and future projection based on ecosystem carbon cycle studies
高北极生态系统的体制转变:基于生态系统碳循环研究的机制阐明和未来预测
- 批准号:
22H03734 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 81.95万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Can megafauna shift the carbon and surface radiation budgets of the Arctic?
巨型动物群能否改变北极的碳和地表辐射预算?
- 批准号:
NE/W00089X/1 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 81.95万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Understanding the role of CsrA in Acinetobacter baumannii survival and infection
了解 CsrA 在鲍曼不动杆菌存活和感染中的作用
- 批准号:
10375571 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 81.95万 - 项目类别:
Reducing Emissions by Accelerating the Shift to Low Carbon Transport in Heavy Rail Freight
通过加快重轨货运低碳运输的转变来减少排放
- 批准号:
10002541 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 81.95万 - 项目类别:
Small Business Research Initiative
Understanding the role of CsrA in Acinetobacter baumannii survival and infection
了解 CsrA 在鲍曼不动杆菌存活和感染中的作用
- 批准号:
10188912 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 81.95万 - 项目类别:
Theory of Low-carbon Paradigm Shift based on Japan-China Comparative Analysis
基于日中比较分析的低碳范式转变理论
- 批准号:
20K12295 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 81.95万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Study on the mechanism of carbon-induced signal enhancement in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
电感耦合等离子体质谱碳诱导信号增强机制研究
- 批准号:
19K15607 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 81.95万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
Balance of sleep and circadian metabolic switches in Drosophila
果蝇的睡眠平衡和昼夜代谢开关
- 批准号:
10407604 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 81.95万 - 项目类别: