NI: Enhancing global hydrological models with local knowledge

由于过去50年来影响地球仪的水资源短缺和与水有关的极端灾害的发生率日益增加，全球和区域范围的水资源评估目前是科学家和决策者的一个主要关切。如果对21世纪世纪的未来气候预测在今后几年成为现实，这一关切将变得更加相关。水文建模界认识到，有必要研究大尺度的水通量，但也要考虑较小尺度的水利用。然而，到目前为止，在这方面所做的大部分工作都集中在实现模型的超分辨率上，而这些新的建模方法为集水区水管理提供相关和可靠信息的能力则受到的关注相对较少。该项目启动了大规模建模和流域建模社区之间的合作，旨在填补一个空白，其存在往往是公认的，但很少研究。该项目的总体研究目标是探索和设计一种方法，将流域水管理模型（CWMM）与大尺度水文模型（LHM）相结合，并评估其潜力和局限性，以提高LHM在区域范围内提供的信息质量。该项目将提供一个综合的知识交流方案--分别关于选定的CWMM和LHM、AQUATOOL和CWatM及其能力--和研究--与全球和区域水文建模方面的三个领先机构合作，开发一个概念验证，以便在管理严格、数据丰富的埃布罗河流域（西班牙）将两个模型结合起来。项目的主要产出将是埃布罗河流域先进的CWatM模型的概念验证，该模型有效地将水管理和其他人类与水文系统的相互作用结合起来。新版本的CWatM将允许更好地评估人类对水资源可用性的影响，克服目前LHM的局限性，忠实地代表区域水文。这不仅将为水文科学界带来实质性进展，也将为气候和地球系统科学界带来实质性进展。该项目的成果将是进一步合作研究的开始，以产生概念验证的通用版本，该版本将适用于理解和解决紧迫的区域水资源问题，例如传统上受数据安全化阻碍的跨界冲突。通用版本还可以作为一个基准，在低水治理的发展中国家，基于模型的水资源评估和管理的好处，这可能会鼓励在能力建设和数据整理方面的投资，以进行自己的分析，这一伙伴关系可以支持。

The assessment of water resources at both the global and regional scales is currently a major concern for scientists and policy makers due to the increasing incidence of water scarcity and extreme water-related hazards affecting the globe in the last 50 years. This concern will become even more relevant should future climate projections for the XXI Century become a reality in the coming years. The hydrological modelling community is aware that there is a need to look at the large-scale fluxes of water but also to consider the use of water at smaller scales. However, much of the work done until this moment on this regard has focused on achieving hyper-resolution of models, while the ability of these new modelling approaches to provide relevant and reliable information to catchment water management has received relatively less attention. This project initiates a collaboration between the large-scale modelling and the catchment modelling communities, aiming to fill a gap whose existence is often recognised but sparsely studied. The overall research objective of this project is to explore and design an approach for integrating Catchment Water Management Models (CWMM) with Large-Scale Hydrological Models (LHM), and to assess its potential and limitations to enhance the quality of information LHMs provide at a regional scale. This project will deliver an integrated programme of knowledge exchange - on selected the CWMM and LHM, AQUATOOL and CWatM respectively, and their capabilities - and research - developing a proof-of-concept to couple both models in the heavily managed, data-rich Ebro River Basin (Spain), in collaboration with three leading institutions on global and regional hydrological modelling. The main project output will be a proof-of-concept of an advanced CWatM model for the Ebro River basin that efficiently couples water management and other human interactions with the hydrological system. The new version of CWatM will allow for a better evaluation of human impacts on water availability, overcoming the current limitations LHMs to faithfully represent regional hydrology. This will translate into substantial progress not only for the hydrological science community, but for the climate and earth system science communities. The outcomes of this project will be the onset of further collaborative research to produce a generalised version of the proof-of-concept which will be applicable to understand and address pressing regional water issues, such as transboundary conflicts, which are traditionally hampered by data securitisation. The generalised version can also serve as a benchmark for the benefits of modelling-based water resources assessment and management in developing countries with low water governance, which may encourage investments in capacity building and data collation to conduct their own analyses, which this partnership can support.