Solutions to measuring and managing economic risks and Opportunities in Sustainable ocean development (SOS)

海洋和沿海生态系统是人类福祉和经济发展的主要贡献者。然而，由于相关知识和证据分散在不同的机构和专家群体中，我们解释海洋的环境、经济和社会价值的能力受到了削弱。迫切需要将数据、统计数据和社区相互联系起来，将相关证据的使用嵌入法律、政策和发展规划。达斯古普塔的审查呼吁改变经济成功的衡量标准，并建立新的经济模式，适当考虑人类与自然的互动和对自然的依赖。海洋经济的可持续发展需要这样一个衡量进展的模式或制度。虽然国民核算标准体系为这样做提供了坚实的基础，但核算范围需要扩大，以包括自然在经济中的作用。自然资本核算（NCA）是理解自然服务在我们经济中的地位的必要步骤。它为我们提供了一种方法来估计政策对自然资本的影响，这是政策分析的先决条件。通过与两个国家（英国环境、食品和农村事务部（Defra）和南非环境、林业和渔业部（DFFE））政府部门内的NCA用户的初步接触，确定需要创新工具来改进和简化NCA数据在决策中的使用，例如对沿海和海洋开发融资权衡的经济分析。该研究金提议改善相关政府利益攸关方之间的联系（NCA和经济模型的用户）到组织和伙伴关系（研究、数据、实践知识，Dasgupta的审查认为，在建立国家自然资本账户和共享数据方面的国际合作将改善世界各地的决策。此外，国民账户的统一应与决策支持工具相结合，以增强国家国家能力评估的功能。因此，对知识交流（KE）奖学金的建议方法是促进将南非和英国NCA用户与海洋经济投资和政策影响评估的循证工具联系起来。因此，该成果旨在向与自然有关的财务披露工作队提供有关潜在工具和材料的信息，以促进国家一级与自然有关的报告的全球一致性。该奖学金将旨在展示使用现有的最先进的区域可计算一般均衡经济（CGE）模型作为一种工具，使用国家国家评估数据来评估不同环境政策对海洋经济和依赖海洋经济的社区的健康和财富的影响。CGE模型的用户可以创建多功能的政策和投资情景，以模拟整个经济的影响，这有助于风险政策管理，并引导金融部门投资蓝色经济的最佳领域。案例研究的成果是应用南非的专家咨询小组现有模式，并为英国的专家咨询小组更新模式的蓝图提供便利，这将有助于提供所需的技术援助，以确保自然资本核算的长期影响和应用。已确定的两类利益攸关方的关键利益领域相互重叠（外地金融和财政部和环境、林业和农村事务部），有可能使研究金通过两个平行的国家一级案例研究，以统一的方式同时满足两类利益攸关方的需要。

Marine and coastal ecosystems are major contributors to human well-being and economic development. Yet, our ability to account for the environmental, economic, and social value of the ocean is undermined by relevant knowledge and evidence being scattered between different institutions and expert communities. There is an urgent need to interlink data, statistics, and communities to embed the use of connected evidence in laws, policies, and development planning. The Dasgupta review calls for changing measures of economic success and new economic models which properly account for human interaction with and dependence on nature. The sustainable development of the ocean economy requires such a model or system for measuring progress. Although the standard system of national accounting provides a solid foundation for doing so, the scope of the accounts needs expansion to include the role of nature in the economy. Natural capital accounting (NCA) is a necessary step towards understanding the place of nature's services in our economies. It offers us a way to estimate the impact of policies on natural capital, which is a prerequisite for policy analysis. Through initial engagement with NCA users within government departments in two countries (UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), and South African Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries (DFFE)) it was established that there is a need for innovative tools to improve and simplify the use of NCA data in decision making, such as economic analysis of trade-offs in financing coastal and marine development. This fellowship proposes to improve the link between relevant government stakeholders (users of NCA and economic models) to organisations and partnerships (owners of research, data, and practical knowledge) to co-produce solutions to measuring and managing economic risks and opportunities in sustainable ocean development.The Dasgupta review argues that international cooperation in the construction of national natural capital accounts and the sharing of data would improve decision-making around the world. Additionally, the harmonisation of national accounts should be coupled with decision support tools to increase the functionality of national NCA. The suggested approach to this Knowledge Exchange (KE) fellowship is therefore to facilitate connecting SA and UK NCA users to evidence-based tools for ocean economy investment and policy impact evaluations. The outcome therefore aims to inform the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) on potential tools and materials to promote worldwide consistency for national level nature-related reporting.Through two case studies, one in South Africa and the other in the UK, the fellowship will aim to demonstrate the use of an existing state-of-the-art regional computable general equilibrium economic (CGE) model as a tool that uses national NCA data to evaluate the impacts of different environmental policies on the health and wealth of the ocean economy and the communities that depend on it. Users of CGE models can create versatile policy and investment scenarios to model the economy-wide impact, which is useful for risk policy management and to guide financial sector to optimal areas for investment into the blue economy. The outputs of the case studies, being the application of the existing SA CGE model and the facilitation of a blueprint for an updated UK CGE model, will contribute to the technical assistance required to ensure long-term impact and application of natural capital accounting. The identified areas of key interest to both groups of stakeholders overlap (DFFE and Defra), potentially allowing the fellowship to address the needs of both groups at once and in a unified way through two parallel national level case studies.