EFFICACY OF CANINE DISTEMPER MEASLES VACCINE VS MEASLES VACCINE IN RHESUS

麻疹是一种高度传染性的副粘病毒， 导致几乎100%发病率和高达27%死亡率的流行病 在恒河猴中。 由于麻疹的费用高昂， 疫苗接种，许多灵长类动物设施选择不免疫， 殖民地 目得确定犬瘟热-麻疹是否为 疫苗与目前使用的疫苗一样有效，但成本过高， 麻疹疫苗对恒河猴的保护作用 结果 麻疹疫苗比较试验（N=56）包括3项 犬瘟热-麻疹疫苗（CD-M） 免疫后3个月加强免疫（CD-M+）和麻疹 疫苗 通过IFA在0、3、7和11时评估抗体滴度 免疫后的几个月。 两个CD-M疫苗接种组均为100% 麻疹抗体检测，而只有81.2%的 麻疹疫苗接种组产生了可检测的抗体。 一年 接种后，每次接种的6只青少年亚组 组和三个未接种疫苗的对照组用麻疹激发 病毒 病毒分离，血清病毒中和试验， 采用鼻咽抽吸、CBC和FACS分析， 评估病毒血症、中和抗体、病毒脱落和免疫 分别回应。 在受挑战的青少年中，只有对照组 动物出现标志性斑丘疹。 控制 接种后21天发现动物为病毒血症， 麻疹病毒分离和麻疹确诊病例的CPE观察 IFA。 三个麻疹疫苗接种的青少年和两个CD-M动物， 确认接种后出现病毒血症。 只有对照组的动物 麻疹病毒时，挑战;病毒脱落发生在 病毒血症，并与皮疹的出现相吻合。 两个CD-M 免疫组的中和抗体滴度较高， CD-M+疫苗接种组显示， 麻疹疫苗接种后血清中和抗体滴度 组 各组外周血淋巴细胞亚群均为 在正常参考范围内。 未来的方向决定 恒河猴的麻疹保护性抗体滴度。 关键词 麻疹病毒，风疹，恒河猴，猕猴，临床 麻疹疫苗试验

Significance Measles is a highly infectious paramyxovirus that can cause an epizootic with almost 100% morbidity and up to 27% mortality in rhesus macaques. Due to the cost prohibitive nature of measles vaccination, many primate facilities elect not to immunize their colonies. Objective To determine if the canine distemper-measles vaccine was as effective as the currently used, but cost-prohibitive, measles vaccine in protecting rhesus macaques. Results The comparative measles vaccine trial (N=56) consisted of three vaccination regimens canine distemper-measles vaccine (CD-M), CD-M with a booster at 3 months post-immunization (CD-M+) and measles vaccine. Antibody titers were assessed via IFA at 0, 3, 7, and 11 months post-immunization. 100% of both CD-M vaccination groups developed detectable measles antibodies, while only 81.2% of the measles vaccination group developed detectable antibodies. One year post-vaccination, a subset of six juveniles from each vaccination group and three unvaccinated controls were challenged with measles virus. Virus isolation, serum-virus neutralization tests, naso-pharyngeal aspiration, CBC and FACS analysis were employed to assess viremia, neutralization antibodies, viral shedding and immune response respectively. Of the challenged juveniles, only the control animals developed the hallmark maculopapular rash. The control animals were found to be viremic for 21 days post-inoculation by observation of measles CPE in virus isolation and confirmed by measles IFA. Three measles vaccinated juveniles and two CD-M animals were confirmed viremic post-inocculation. Only the control animals shed measles virus when challenged; the viral shedding occurred during viremia and coincided with the appearance of the rash. Both CD-M vaccination groups had higher neutralization antibody titers and the CD-M+ vaccination group showed a greater than two fold increase in serum neutralization antibody titers over the measles vaccination group. Peripheral blood lymphocyte sub-populations in all groups were within normal reference ranges. Future Directions Determine protective measles antibody titers in rhesus macaques. KEYWORDS measles virus, rubeola, rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, clinical measles vaccine trial