CANINE DISTEMPER MEASLES VACCINE VERSUS MEASLES VACCINE IN RHESUS MACAQUES

麻疹是一种高度传染性的副粘病毒， 导致几乎100%发病率和高达27%死亡率的流行病 在恒河猴中。 由于麻疹的费用高昂， 疫苗接种，许多灵长类动物设施选择不免疫， 殖民地 目的确定犬瘟热-麻疹混合型 疫苗与目前使用的疫苗一样有效， 恒河猴 结果麻疹疫苗对照试验 包括三种犬瘟热-麻疹疫苗接种方案， 疫苗（CD-M），免疫后3个月CD-M+加强剂 (CD-M麻疹疫苗。 通过IFA评估抗体滴度， 免疫后0、3、7和11个月。 100%的CD-M 接种疫苗组产生了可检测到的麻疹抗体， 81.2%的麻疹疫苗接种组发生了可检测的 抗体的 疫苗接种后一年，来自 每个接种组和3个未接种对照组进行攻毒 麻疹病毒。 病毒分离，血清病毒中和 方法：采用常规血液学检查、鼻咽抽吸、全血细胞计数和流式细胞仪分析 评估病毒血症、中和抗体、病毒脱落和 免疫反应。 在受到挑战的青少年中，只有 对照动物出现标志性斑丘疹。 控制 接种后21天发现动物为病毒血症， 病毒分离中观察到轻微CPE，并通过 麻疹IFA。 此外，两名接种麻疹疫苗的青少年和两名 在接种后第3天和第7天，确认CD-M动物存在病毒血症。 只有对照动物在受到攻击时才散发麻疹病毒; 脱落发生在病毒血症期间， 皮疹 两个CD-M疫苗接种组的中和作用均较高 抗体滴度和CD-M+疫苗接种组显示大于 血清中和抗体滴度增加两倍， 麻疹疫苗接种组。 外周血淋巴细胞 所有组中的亚群均在正常参考范围内， 猕猴 确定保护性麻疹抗体 恒河猴中的滴度。 关键词麻疹病毒，风疹，恒河猴 猕猴，恒河猴，麻疹疫苗临床试验 格兰特RR 00169

Significance Measles is a highly infectious paramyxovirus that can cause an epizootic with almost 100% morbidity and up to 27% mortality in rhesus macaques. Due to the cost prohibitive nature of measles vaccination, many primate facilities elect not to immunize their colonies. Objectives To determine if the canine distemper-measles vaccine was as effective as the currently used vaccine in protecting rhesus macaques. Results The comparative measles vaccine trial consisted of three vaccination regimens canine distemper-measles vaccine (CD-M), CD-M with a booster at 3 months post-immunization (CD-M+) and measles vaccine. Antibody titers were assessed via IFA at 0, 3, 7, and 11 months post-immunization. 100% of both CD-M vaccination groups developed detectable measles antibodies, while only 81.2% of the measles vaccination group developed detectable antibodies. One year post-vaccination, a subset of six juveniles from each vaccination group and three unvaccinated controls were challenged with measles virus. Virus isolation, serum-virus neutralization tests, naso-pharyngeal aspiration, CBC and FACS analysis were employed to assess viremia, neutralization antibodies, viral shedding and immune response respectively. Of the challenged juveniles, only control animals developed the hallmark maculopapular rash. Control animals were found to be viremic for 21 days post-inoculation by observation of me asles CPE in virus isolation and confirmed by measles IFA. Additionally, two measles vaccinated juveniles and two CD-M animals were confirmed viremic on days 3 and 7 post-inoculation. Only the control animals shed measles virus when challenged; the viral shedding occurred during viremia and coincided with the appearance of the rash. Both CD-M vaccination groups had higher neutralization antibody titers and the CD-M+ vaccination group showed greater than two-fold increase in serum neutralization antibody titers over the measles vaccination group. Peripheral blood lymphocyte sub-populations in all groups were within normal reference ranges for macaques. Future Directions Determine protective measles antibody titers in rhesus macaques. KEY WORDS measles virus, rubeola, rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, clinical measles vaccine trial FUNDING NIH Grant RR00169