Selenium in Volcanic Environments (SELVES)

火山环境中的硒 (SELVES)

• 批准号: NE/X010120/1
• 负责人: Marie Edmonds
• 金额: $ 10.21万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FX010120%2F1
• 关键词: Selenium; Volcanic; Environments; SELVES

Selenium (Se) is a naturally-occurring metalloid that is nutritionally-required in small amounts but can become toxic at concentrations only twice recommended doses. UK soils are typically Se-deficient and require supplementation, but in volcanic regions and in soils overlying phosphate or organic-rich shales Se may be present in excess, representing a significant health challenge. Selenium is of critical importance in photovoltaics, glass production, fertilisers and batteries; Se demand is projected to rise 5-10 times by 2050. Volcanoes dominate the natural sources of Se (and its chemical 'twin', sulfur) to the environment. Due to its extreme volatility Se is enriched in volcanic gases and aerosol and in hydrothermal fluids, from which Se is deposited in porphyries and mined as a by-product with copper. Up to now, due to the technical challenges involved with sampling Se in volcanic gases and analysing it precisely in volcanic rocks, our quantitative understanding of volcanic Se is extremely limited. We propose the launch of a set of new studies of Se geochemistry (and that of other environmentally-important trace volatile metals) which take advantage of the recent development of using unoccupied aerial vehicles to sample high temperature gases; and new, precise analytical protocols for Se measurements. We have a range of suitable samples in hand already, from a diverse suite of samples of lavas, and gas/aerosol, collected by the investigators during recent explosive basaltic eruptions in a range of settings (hotspot: Cumbre Vieja, La Palma, 2021; Kilauea, USA, 2018, Fagradalsfjall, Iceland, 2021; subduction zone: Ambrym Volcano, Vanuatu, 2018; and Villarrica, Chile, 2018). We will quantify the flux of outgassing Se from each eruption, along with sulfur, and the controls on it; and establish in what chemical, bioavailable form Se is delivered to the surface environment via eruptions. The successful achievement of these objectives provides the basis for larger, integrative, high impact studies focussed on heavy metals (e.g. mercury, thallium and lead, as well as Se) delivered to the surface environment by volcanic activity, their environmental fate, biological uptake, including the competing effects of Se and S uptake by plants and incorporation into groundwater, both in the modern-day and in the history of our planet. This study lays the groundwork for improved hydrothermal models of Se partitioning into porphyry deposits and sustainable and efficient Se ore resource utilisation. This project explores the frontiers of a wide-ranging topic with impacts across the NERC remit through the nexus of health, environment and economy.

硒 (Se) 是一种天然存在的准金属，少量即可提供营养，但浓度仅为推荐剂量的两倍时就会产生毒性。英国土壤通常缺硒，需要补充，但在火山地区和磷酸盐或富含有机物的页岩上的土壤中，硒可能过量，这对健康构成了重大挑战。硒在光伏发电、玻璃生产、化肥和电池中至关重要；预计到 2050 年，硒需求量将增长 5-10 倍。火山是环境中硒（及其化学“孪生兄弟”硫）的天然来源。由于其极端的挥发性，硒在火山气体、气溶胶以及热液中富集，硒沉积在斑岩中，并作为铜的副产品开采。到目前为止，由于对火山气体中的硒进行采样并在火山岩中对其进行精确分析所面临的技术挑战，我们对火山硒的定量了解极为有限。我们建议启动一系列硒地球化学（以及其他对环境重要的痕量挥发性金属）的新研究，这些研究利用了最近使用无人飞行器采样高温气体的发展；用于 Se 测量的新的、精确的分析方案。我们手头上已经有一系列合适的样本，来自研究人员在最近一系列玄武岩爆发期间收集的各种熔岩和气体/气溶胶样本（热点：Cumbre Vieja，拉帕尔马岛，2021 年；美国基拉韦厄，2018 年；法格拉达尔山，冰岛，2021 年；俯冲带：安布里姆火山，瓦努阿图， 2018；和智利比亚里卡，2018 年）。我们将量化每次喷发中排出的硒和硫的通量，以及对其的控制；并确定硒以何种化学、生物可利用形式通过喷发输送到地表环境。这些目标的成功实现为更大规模、综合性、高影响力的研究奠定了基础，这些研究重点关注通过火山活动释放到地表环境的重金属（例如汞、铊和铅，以及硒）、它们的环境命运、生物吸收，包括植物吸收硒和硫以及融入地下水的竞争效应，无论是在现代还是在我们星球的历史上。这项研究为改进硒分配到斑岩矿床的热液模型以及可持续和高效的硒矿石资源利用奠定了基础。该项目探索了一个广泛主题的前沿，通过健康、环境和经济的关系对 NERC 的职权范围产生影响。

项目成果

Focused Mid-Crustal Magma Intrusion During Continental Break-Up in Ethiopia

埃塞俄比亚大陆破裂期间集中地壳中岩浆侵入

• DOI: 10.1029/2023gl103257
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Wong K

Monogenetic volcanoes as windows into transcrustal mush: A case study of Slamet and Loyang volcanoes, Central Java

单生火山是了解穿地壳糊状物质的窗口：以中爪哇省斯拉梅特火山和洛阳火山为例

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107945
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Barber N