Selenium in Volcanic Environments (SELVES)

火山环境中的硒 (SELVES)

• 批准号: NE/X010120/1
• 负责人: Marie Edmonds
• 金额: $ 10.21万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FX010120%2F1
• 关键词: Selenium; Volcanic; Environments; SELVES

Selenium (Se) is a naturally-occurring metalloid that is nutritionally-required in small amounts but can become toxic at concentrations only twice recommended doses. UK soils are typically Se-deficient and require supplementation, but in volcanic regions and in soils overlying phosphate or organic-rich shales Se may be present in excess, representing a significant health challenge. Selenium is of critical importance in photovoltaics, glass production, fertilisers and batteries; Se demand is projected to rise 5-10 times by 2050. Volcanoes dominate the natural sources of Se (and its chemical 'twin', sulfur) to the environment. Due to its extreme volatility Se is enriched in volcanic gases and aerosol and in hydrothermal fluids, from which Se is deposited in porphyries and mined as a by-product with copper. Up to now, due to the technical challenges involved with sampling Se in volcanic gases and analysing it precisely in volcanic rocks, our quantitative understanding of volcanic Se is extremely limited. We propose the launch of a set of new studies of Se geochemistry (and that of other environmentally-important trace volatile metals) which take advantage of the recent development of using unoccupied aerial vehicles to sample high temperature gases; and new, precise analytical protocols for Se measurements. We have a range of suitable samples in hand already, from a diverse suite of samples of lavas, and gas/aerosol, collected by the investigators during recent explosive basaltic eruptions in a range of settings (hotspot: Cumbre Vieja, La Palma, 2021; Kilauea, USA, 2018, Fagradalsfjall, Iceland, 2021; subduction zone: Ambrym Volcano, Vanuatu, 2018; and Villarrica, Chile, 2018). We will quantify the flux of outgassing Se from each eruption, along with sulfur, and the controls on it; and establish in what chemical, bioavailable form Se is delivered to the surface environment via eruptions. The successful achievement of these objectives provides the basis for larger, integrative, high impact studies focussed on heavy metals (e.g. mercury, thallium and lead, as well as Se) delivered to the surface environment by volcanic activity, their environmental fate, biological uptake, including the competing effects of Se and S uptake by plants and incorporation into groundwater, both in the modern-day and in the history of our planet. This study lays the groundwork for improved hydrothermal models of Se partitioning into porphyry deposits and sustainable and efficient Se ore resource utilisation. This project explores the frontiers of a wide-ranging topic with impacts across the NERC remit through the nexus of health, environment and economy.

硒（Se）是一种天然存在的类金属，少量营养需要，但在浓度仅为推荐剂量的两倍时就会变得有毒。英国土壤通常缺硒，需要补充，但在火山地区和土壤覆盖磷酸盐或富含有机物的页岩中，硒可能过量存在，这是一个重大的健康挑战。硒在光化学、玻璃生产、肥料和电池中至关重要;预计到2050年，硒的需求量将增长5-10倍。火山是硒（及其化学“孪生子”硫）的主要自然来源。由于硒的极端挥发性，它在火山气体、气溶胶和热液中富集，硒沉积在斑岩中，作为铜的副产品被开采。到目前为止，由于火山气体中硒的取样和火山岩中硒的精确分析所涉及的技术挑战，我们对火山硒的定量了解非常有限。我们建议推出一套新的研究硒地球化学（和其他对环境有重要意义的微量挥发性金属），利用最近的发展，使用无人驾驶飞行器采样高温气体;和新的，精确的分析协议硒测量。我们手头已经有了一系列合适的样本，这些样本来自调查人员在最近一系列爆炸性玄武岩喷发中收集的各种熔岩和气体/气溶胶样本（热点：拉帕尔马的Cumbre Vieja，2021;美国的基拉韦厄，2018;冰岛的Fagradalsfjall，2021;俯冲带：瓦努阿图的Ambrym火山，2018;和比利亚里卡，智利，2018年）。我们将量化从每次喷发的脱气硒的流量，沿着硫，和它的控制，并建立在什么样的化学，生物可利用的形式硒是通过喷发交付到地表环境。这些目标的成功实现为针对重金属的更大规模、综合性、高影响力研究提供了基础（如汞、铊和铅以及硒）、其环境归宿、生物吸收，包括植物吸收硒和硫以及硒和硫进入地下水的竞争效应，无论是在现代还是在我们星球的历史上。该研究为改进斑岩型矿床中硒的热液分配模式和硒资源的可持续高效利用奠定了基础。该项目探讨了一个广泛主题的前沿，通过健康，环境和经济的关系对NERC职权范围产生影响。

项目成果

Focused Mid-Crustal Magma Intrusion During Continental Break-Up in Ethiopia

埃塞俄比亚大陆破裂期间集中地壳中岩浆侵入

• DOI: 10.1029/2023gl103257
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Wong K

Monogenetic volcanoes as windows into transcrustal mush: A case study of Slamet and Loyang volcanoes, Central Java

单生火山是了解穿地壳糊状物质的窗口：以中爪哇省斯拉梅特火山和洛阳火山为例

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107945
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Barber N