CO2 - H2 Optimisation in Rocks for Underground Storage (CHORUS)

CO2 - H2 地下储存岩石中的优化 (CHORUS)

• 批准号: NE/X013057/1
• 负责人: Mark Chapman
• 金额: $ 4.71万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FX013057%2F1
• 关键词: CO2; H2; Optimisation; Rocks; Underground

The UK is poised to embrace net zero carbon emission technologies to meet its Paris agreement targets, including offshore gas storage associated with the hydrogen (H2) fuel economy and Carbon Capture Usage and Storage (CCUS) schemes. Underground H2 storage (UHS) implies cyclic injection/depletion activities to deal with seasonal fluctuations associated with energy demands. For the cycle to be successful, a cushion gas is needed to keep the reservoir pressurised, with carbon dioxide (CO2) being a promising environmentally friendly alternative. In most storage projects, reservoir fluids are seismically monitored by associating the variation of seismic amplitude with fluid content. However, if H2 is injected in CO2-cushioned reservoir, several factors obscure the H2 seismic visibility: both H2 and CO2 have similar acoustic properties, and they have short timescales to settle within an injection/extraction cycle, often imbibing the rock in patches and lowering effective fluid mobility. In CHORUS we propose to address these issues by testing the hypothesis that a viscosity contrast is the key to seismic H2 detectability. We propose to test this hypothesis in three stages using our current expertise with dispersive wave propagation. First, we will perform ultrasonic laboratory measurements of elastic properties of reservoir rocks saturated with fluids expected to be found in UHS applications. Second, we will apply existing rock physics models established for CCUS to calculate the seismic velocities, attenuation and dispersion of reservoir rocks under different saturation conditions involving reservoir rocks saturated with H2-water and CO2-water below a caprock seal and calibrate these models using laboratory measurements. Third, we will identify how these finds scale up by calculating synthetic seismic data corresponding to a vertical seismic profile time-lapse experiment. Using this synthetic dataset, we will conduct a sensitivity analysis in order to understand the limits of seismic detectability of H2. Outcomes of this proposal have the potential to be used to de-risk the injection process by enhancing our ability to quantify H2 through better seismic resolution of the H2-CO2 interface. They can be used to inform policy-makers by identifying proxies for leakage risk and facilitate the planning of injection and monitoring strategies for industrial seasonal UHS. The methodology can be further used to asses caprock integrity by incorporating geomechanical effects from fracturing on the synthetic seismic signatures, a direction that we intend to explore in further research. We propose to disseminate our results in the form of two (six monthly) reports, a collaborative scientific publication in a lead academic journal, a collaborative conference publication and openly accessible data from the rock physics experiment and the synthetic seismic experiment. Using this project as springboard proof-of-concept, we intend to consolidate its finds by pursuing a long-term UK collaboration through a NERC Pushing Frontiers funding proposal. Such a proposal would incorporate fundamental research, as well as detailed anisotropic modelling of fractured top-seal/reservoir and seismic data. In addition, our theoretical advancements can add value to ongoing studies associated with UHS, both in NOC (NERC MOET), and UoE (EPSRC HyStorPore) by complementing them with rock physical knowledge.

英国准备采用净零碳排放技术，以实现其巴黎协议目标，包括与氢（H2）燃料经济性和碳捕获使用和储存（CCUS）计划相关的海上天然气储存。地下氢储存（UHS）意味着循环注入/耗尽活动，以应对与能源需求相关的季节性波动。为了使循环成功，需要一种缓冲气体来保持储层的压力，二氧化碳（CO2）是一种有前途的环保替代品。在大多数存储工程中，通过将地震振幅的变化与流体含量相关联来对储层流体进行地震监测。然而，如果H2被注入到CO2驱替的储层中，则有几个因素模糊了H2地震的可见性：H2和CO2具有相似的声学特性，并且它们在注入/提取周期内具有短的时间尺度，通常以斑块形式吸收岩石并降低有效流体流动性。在CHORUS中，我们建议通过测试粘度对比度是地震H2可探测性的关键这一假设来解决这些问题。我们建议使用我们目前的色散波传播的专业知识，在三个阶段测试这一假设。首先，我们将进行超声波实验室测量的弹性性能的储层岩石饱和的液体，预计将在UHS应用中发现。其次，我们将应用现有的岩石物理模型建立CCUS计算地震速度，衰减和分散的储层岩石在不同的饱和度条件下，涉及储层岩石饱和的H2-水和CO2-水盖层密封和校准这些模型使用实验室测量。第三，我们将通过计算与垂直地震剖面时间推移实验相对应的合成地震数据来确定这些发现是如何扩大的。使用这个合成数据集，我们将进行灵敏度分析，以了解H2的地震可探测性的限制。这一建议的结果有可能被用来降低风险的注入过程中，通过提高我们的能力，量化H2通过更好的地震分辨率的H2-CO2接口。它们可用于通过确定渗漏风险的替代物向决策者提供信息，并促进工业季节性UHS的注入和监测战略的规划。该方法可以进一步用于评估盖层的完整性，将地质力学效应从压裂的合成地震信号，我们打算在进一步的研究中探索的方向。我们建议以两份（六个月）报告的形式传播我们的结果，在领先的学术期刊上发表合作科学出版物，合作会议出版物以及岩石物理实验和合成地震实验的公开数据。利用这个项目作为跳板的概念验证，我们打算通过追求长期的英国合作，通过NERC推动前沿的资金建议，巩固其发现。这一建议将包括基础研究以及裂缝性顶部密封/储层和地震数据的详细各向异性建模。此外，我们的理论进步可以通过补充岩石物理知识，为正在进行的与UHS相关的研究增加价值，包括NOC（NERC MOET）和UOE（EPSRC HyStorPore）。

项目成果

Relative permeability effects on fluid substitution and seismic attenuation

相对渗透率对流体替代和地震衰减的影响

• DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.2023101085
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Papageorgiou G