CO2 - H2 Optimisation in Rocks for Underground Storage (CHORUS)

CO2 - H2 地下储存岩石中的优化 (CHORUS)

• 批准号: NE/X013057/1
• 负责人: Mark Chapman
• 金额: $ 4.71万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FX013057%2F1
• 关键词: CO2; H2; Optimisation; Rocks; Underground

The UK is poised to embrace net zero carbon emission technologies to meet its Paris agreement targets, including offshore gas storage associated with the hydrogen (H2) fuel economy and Carbon Capture Usage and Storage (CCUS) schemes. Underground H2 storage (UHS) implies cyclic injection/depletion activities to deal with seasonal fluctuations associated with energy demands. For the cycle to be successful, a cushion gas is needed to keep the reservoir pressurised, with carbon dioxide (CO2) being a promising environmentally friendly alternative. In most storage projects, reservoir fluids are seismically monitored by associating the variation of seismic amplitude with fluid content. However, if H2 is injected in CO2-cushioned reservoir, several factors obscure the H2 seismic visibility: both H2 and CO2 have similar acoustic properties, and they have short timescales to settle within an injection/extraction cycle, often imbibing the rock in patches and lowering effective fluid mobility. In CHORUS we propose to address these issues by testing the hypothesis that a viscosity contrast is the key to seismic H2 detectability. We propose to test this hypothesis in three stages using our current expertise with dispersive wave propagation. First, we will perform ultrasonic laboratory measurements of elastic properties of reservoir rocks saturated with fluids expected to be found in UHS applications. Second, we will apply existing rock physics models established for CCUS to calculate the seismic velocities, attenuation and dispersion of reservoir rocks under different saturation conditions involving reservoir rocks saturated with H2-water and CO2-water below a caprock seal and calibrate these models using laboratory measurements. Third, we will identify how these finds scale up by calculating synthetic seismic data corresponding to a vertical seismic profile time-lapse experiment. Using this synthetic dataset, we will conduct a sensitivity analysis in order to understand the limits of seismic detectability of H2. Outcomes of this proposal have the potential to be used to de-risk the injection process by enhancing our ability to quantify H2 through better seismic resolution of the H2-CO2 interface. They can be used to inform policy-makers by identifying proxies for leakage risk and facilitate the planning of injection and monitoring strategies for industrial seasonal UHS. The methodology can be further used to asses caprock integrity by incorporating geomechanical effects from fracturing on the synthetic seismic signatures, a direction that we intend to explore in further research. We propose to disseminate our results in the form of two (six monthly) reports, a collaborative scientific publication in a lead academic journal, a collaborative conference publication and openly accessible data from the rock physics experiment and the synthetic seismic experiment. Using this project as springboard proof-of-concept, we intend to consolidate its finds by pursuing a long-term UK collaboration through a NERC Pushing Frontiers funding proposal. Such a proposal would incorporate fundamental research, as well as detailed anisotropic modelling of fractured top-seal/reservoir and seismic data. In addition, our theoretical advancements can add value to ongoing studies associated with UHS, both in NOC (NERC MOET), and UoE (EPSRC HyStorPore) by complementing them with rock physical knowledge.

英国有望采用净零碳排放技术来满足其巴黎协议目标，包括与氢（H2）燃油经济性和碳捕获使用量（CCUS）方案相关的近海天然气存储。地下H2储存（UHS）意味着环状注射/耗竭活动，以应对与能源需求相关的季节性波动。为了使周期成功，需要一种垫子气来保持储层加压，二氧化碳（CO2）是一种有希望的环保替代品。在大多数存储项目中，通过将地震振幅与流体含量的变化相关联，可以在地震中监测储层。但是，如果将H2注入二氧化碳含量的储层中，则几个因素掩盖了H2地震可见性：H2和CO2都具有相似的声学特性，并且它们具有短的时间表，可以在注入/提取周期内沉降，通常会在斑块中吸收岩石中的岩石中的岩石和降低有效的流体动力。在合唱中，我们建议通过测试粘度对比是地震H2可检测性的关键的假设来解决这些问题。我们建议使用当前的分散波传播，在三个阶段进行三个阶段检验这一假设。首先，我们将对在UHS应用中发现的液体饱和的储层岩石的弹性特性进行超声实验室测量。其次，我们将应用为CCUS建立的现有岩石物理模型来计算在不同饱和条件下的储层岩石的地震速度，衰减和分散，涉及使用实验室测量的Caprock密封件下方的H2-Water和Co2-Water饱和的储层岩石和二氧化碳和二氧化碳和二氧化碳。第三，我们将通过计算与垂直地震剖面延时实验相对应的合成地震数据来确定这些发现如何扩展。使用此合成数据集，我们将进行灵敏度分析，以了解H2的地震可检测性的极限。该提案的结果有可能通过通过更好的地震分辨率来量化H2-CO2界面来增强我们量化H2的能力来降低注射过程。它们可用于通过确定泄漏风险的代理，并促进针对工业季节性UHS的注射和监测策略的计划来告知决策者。该方法可以通过将破裂的地震震动标志纳入地质力学作用来进一步用于评估Caprock完整性，这是我们打算在进一步研究中探索的方向。我们建议以两份（六个每月）报告的形式传播我们的结果，这是主学术期刊的合作科学出版物，合作会议出版物，并从摇滚物理实验和合成地震实验中公开访问数据。我们将这个项目作为跳板概念证明，我们打算通过通过NERC推动Frontiers资助建议来巩固其发现。这样的建议将结合基础研究，并详细介绍了断裂的顶级/储层和地震数据的各向异性建模。此外，我们的理论进步可以为与UHS（NOC MOET）和UOE（EPSRC Hystorpore）相关的正在进行的研究增加价值，并通过补充岩石的物理知识来补充它们。

项目成果

Relative permeability effects on fluid substitution and seismic attenuation

相对渗透率对流体替代和地震衰减的影响

• DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.2023101085
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Papageorgiou G