Multilevel Examination of Adults Personalitiy

成人人格多层次检验

• 批准号: 6325326
• 负责人: MANFRED K. DIEHL
• 金额: $ 7.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-01 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6325326
• 关键词: age difference; behavioral /social science research tag; goal oriented behavior; human middle age (35-64); human old age (65+); human subject; personality; psychological aspect of aging; psychological tests; young adult human (21-34)

This proposal is submitted in response to RFA PA-99-049 NIA: Pilot Research Grant Program, research objective 22. Personality and Experimental Social Psychology: Personality trait-structure- process interactions. The proposed study incorporates social- cognitive theory and multilevel assessment into research on adults' personality and extends existing research in several ways by: (1) using an adult life span sample; (2) linking adults' traits and dispositions with their personal goals, goal parameters, and goal orientations; (3) using a multidimensional measure of psychological well-being (PWB); and (4) applying path analysis to examine the direct and indirect effects of traits and goals on different dimensions of PWB. Using a sample of 240 adults (80 young, middle-aged, and older adults), the specific aims of this study are: (1) To examine age differences in Level I and Level II personality variables across the adult life span. The first aim is descriptive in nature and focuses on age differences in Level I (i.e., traits and dispositions) and Level II (i.e., personal goals, goal parameters, goal orientations) variables. Because most research on personal goals has been conducted with college students, findings from this study will provide a baseline for future work on the role of personal goals in adult personality. (2) To examine age differences in goal commitment and goal attainability across the adult life span. To our knowledge, no data exist on whether and how adults of different ages differ with regard to specific goal parameters, such as commitment or attainability. Several theories, however, suggest that the pattern of age differences for goal commitment and attainability may be positive. This study will examine this hypothesis explicitly. (3) To examine the associations between Level I and Level II personality variables. Little information exists about the associations between goal-related variables and enduring personality characteristics, such as traits. This study will examine the bivariate associations between the Big Five traits, general self-efficacy, optimism, and affect and goal-related variables. This study also examines whether the bivariate associations differ significantly by age. (4) To test a model examining the direct and indirect effect of Level I and Level II variables on adults' PWB. Past studies have examined the associations between traits or goals and PWB simply in terms of bivariate correlations. This study will use path analysis to examine to what extent the effects of negative affectivity, positive affectivity, and efficacy orientation on different dimensions of PWB are mediated by adults' goal commitment and goal attainability.

本提案是为了回应 RFA PA-99-049 NIA：试点研究资助计划，研究目标 22。人格与实验社会心理学：人格特质-结构-过程相互作用而提交。 拟议的研究将社会认知理论和多层次评估纳入成人人格研究，并通过以下几种方式扩展了现有研究：（1）使用成人寿命样本； (2) 将成年人的特征和性格与其个人目标、目标参数和目标取向联系起来； (3) 采用多维心理健康衡量标准 (PWB)； (4)应用路径分析来检验特征和目标对工作计划和预算不同维度的直接和间接影响。使用 240 名成年人（80 名青年、中年和老年人）作为样本，本研究的具体目的是：（1）考察成人一生中 I 级和 II 级人格变量的年龄差异。 第一个目标本质上是描述性的，重点关注第一级（即特征和性格）和第二级（即个人目标、目标参数、目标取向）变量中的年龄差异。 由于大多数关于个人目标的研究都是针对大学生进行的，因此这项研究的结果将为未来研究个人目标在成人人格中的作用提供基线。 (2) 检查整个成年生命周期中目标承诺和目标可实现性的年龄差异。 据我们所知，没有数据表明不同年龄的成年人在特定目标参数（例如承诺或可实现性）方面是否以及如何存在差异。然而，一些理论表明，年龄差异对目标承诺和可实现性的影响可能是积极的。 本研究将明确检验这一假设。 (3)检验I级和II级人格变量之间的关联。 关于目标相关变量和持久的人格特征（例如特质）之间的关联的信息很少。 本研究将检验大五特征、一般自我效能、乐观以及情感和目标相关变量之间的双变量关联。 这项研究还检验了二元关联是否因年龄而存在显着差异。 (4) 检验一个模型，该模型检验I 级和II 级变量对成人PWB 的直接和间接影响。 过去的研究只是简单地通过双变量相关性来检验特质或目标与 PWB 之间的关联。 本研究将使用路径分析来检验成人的目标承诺和目标可实现性在多大程度上介导消极情感、积极情感和功效导向对 PWB 不同维度的影响。