REGIONAL CEREBRAL CIRCULATION AND METABOLISM

这是一个综合性的项目，涵盖了各种研究的发展，验证，完善和方法的应用，以确定基本的生化和生理机制的调节脑血流量（CBF）和能量代谢，以响应神经系统中神经通路的功能激活。在过去的一年里，这个项目的大部分工作都是针对确定CBF调节的生化机制。今年的结果表明，在一条路径上的不同中继站有多种机制在运行。血管平滑肌中的腺苷受体参与第一突触区域。功能激活过程中能量代谢改变产生的腺苷引发一系列作用于腺苷受体的事件，最终导致K+通道打开、膜超极化和脑血管壁平滑肌松弛。在多突触通路的后期，由神经元NO合酶产生的一氧化氮（NO）似乎发挥了作用。出版物sokoloff， L.：神经组织功能激活的能量学。Neurochem。Res. 24: 321-329；1999.Sokoloff， L., Kuang, T-Y, Horinaka， N.和Kennedy， C.：脑循环和能量代谢真的紧密耦合吗？见：Krieglstein， J.（主编）：脑缺血药理学1998。medpharm科学出版社，斯图加特，1999，第3-16页。Madsen， P. L, Cruz， N. F, Sokoloff， L.和Dienel， G. A.在感觉刺激期间脑氧/葡萄糖比低，在恢复期间高于正常水平：刺激期间过量的葡萄糖消耗不是由脑组织中的乳酸外排或积累来解释的。j . Cereb。中华血液学杂志19:393- 394；1999.用放射性脱氧葡萄糖绘制脑功能活动图。在：阿德尔曼，G.和史密斯B.（编辑）：神经科学百科全书，第二版。爱思唯尔，阿姆斯特丹，1999，第1092-1101页。脑血流量的调节机制。见：Ito， U, Fieschi， C, Orzi， F, Kuroiwa， T，和Klatzo， I.（主编）脑缺血的成熟现象防御机制与细胞凋亡梗死后神经元的恢复与保护。《中国日报》1999年版，第291-307页。I., Sokoloff， L., Adler, c.m., Weisenfeld， N.和Breier， A.: 2-脱氧葡萄糖药理剂量对健康志愿者脑血流的影响。中国生物医学工程杂志（英文版）；1999.Nakao， Y., Kuang， T.- Y., Cohen， D. M., Pettigrew， K. D.和Sokoloff， L.：未麻醉大鼠对体感刺激的脑血流反应不受东莨菪碱的影响。j .杂志。和擅长。治疗杂志。290:929-934；1999. ——iodoantipyrine;局部脑血流量；14 c脱氧葡萄糖;腺苷酸受体;腺苷;K +通道;脑血管

This is an omnibus project that covers a variety of studies on development, validation, refinement, and applications of methods to determine the basic biochemical and physiological mechanisms underlying the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and energy metabolism in response to functional activation of neural pathways in the nervous system. Most of the work in this project during the last year has been directed at identifying the biochemical mechanisms of regulation of CBF. Results this year have shown that there are multiple mechanisms operating at different relay stations along a pathway. Adenosine receptors in vascular smooth muscle are involved in the regions of the first synapses. Adenosine produced by altered energy metabolism during functional activation initiates a cascade of events that act on the adenosine receptors and ends in opening of K+ channels, membrane hyperpolarization, and smooth muscle relaxation in the cerebral blood vessel walls. At later stations in multisynaptic pathways nitric oxide (NO) produced by neuronal NO synthase appears to play a role.PublicationsSokoloff, L.: Energetics of functional activation in neural tissues. Neurochem. Res. 24: 321-329; 1999.Sokoloff, L., Kuang, T-Y, Horinaka, N., and Kennedy, C.: Are cerebral circulation and energy metabolism really tightly coupled? In: Krieglstein, J. (Ed.): Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia 1998. medpharm Scientific Publishers, Stuttgart, 1999, pp. 3-16.Madsen, P. L., Cruz, N. F., Sokoloff, L., and Dienel, G. A. Cerebral oxygen/glucose ratio is low during sensory stimulation and rises above normal during recovery: Excess glucose consumption during stimulation is not accounted for by lactate efflux from or accumulation in brain tissue. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19: 393-400; 1999.Sokoloff, L.: Mapping cerebral functional activity with radioactive deoxyglucose.In: Adelman, G. and Smith B. (Eds.): Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, 2nd Edition.Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1999, pp. 1092-1101.Sokoloff, L.: Mechanisms of regulation of cerebral blood flow. In: Ito, U., Fieschi, C., Orzi, F., Kuroiwa, T., and Klatzo, I.(Eds.):Maturation Phenomenon in Cerebral Ischemia III. Defensive Mechanisms versus Apoptosis; Neuronal Recovery and Protection in Infarction. Springer, Berlin, 1999, pp. 291-307.Elman. I., Sokoloff, L., Adler, C.M., Weisenfeld, N.,and Breier, A.: The effects of pharmacological doses of 2-deoxyglucose on cerebral blood flow in healthy volunteers. Brain Res. 815: 243-249; 1999.Nakao, Y., Kuang, T.- Y., Cohen, D. M., Pettigrew, K. D., and Sokoloff, L.: Cerebral blood flow responses to somatosensory stimulation are unaffected by scopolamine in the unanesthetized rat. J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 290: 929-934; 1999. - iodoantipyrine; local cerebral blood flow; 14C deoxyglucose; adenosine receptors; adenosine; K+ channels; cerebral blood vessels