Experimental radio cosmology at Oxford
牛津大学实验射电宇宙学
基本信息
- 批准号:ST/G002851/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 144.96万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2009
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2009 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Our understanding of the universe has been transformed over the past 15 years as a result of the detection of the fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). These fluctuations result from tiny variations in the density of the primordial cosmic fluid when the universe was a tiny fraction of a second old. These were blown up to astronomical size by an extremely rapid expansion of the universe which lasted a minute fraction of a second; a phenomenon that astronomers call 'inflation'. A large number of instruments have been built to characterize the spatial distribution of these anisotropies by measuring their magnitude as a function of angular scale (their `power spectrum'). These measurements are very important because they tell us a lot about the evolution of the universe and because the anisotropies contain the code the led to the present structure in the universe. Members of the Experimental Cosmology group at Oxford have taken a leading role in cosmology instruments such as CAT, VSA and CBI. These instruments, and others, most notably the NASA space telescope WMAP, have revealed an incredible amount of accurate information, such as that the universe has a flat geometry, its age is 13.7 billion years and that 94% of the substance in the universe is not matter as we know it, but is a combination of a new form of matter called 'dark matter', and an even more mysterious form of dark energy. Is this then the end of the story then? On the contrary, the knowledge we have gained in the last 15 years induces us to seek answers to even more fundamental questions in physics and astronomy. Dark matter is a puzzle since we cannot detect it directly, but we can at least observe its gravitational impact clearly. Dark energy however is a lot more bizarre since it causes the expansion of the universe to accelerate rather than to slow down. Is this really true or is there an alternative explanation that reconciles all our observations? Can we confirm categorically that inflation really occurred and if so at what energy scale? These are the challenges of the next generation of cosmology instruments and this STFC grant will allow Oxford to make major contributions to these exciting developments. Our work will feed into the next cosmology developments in several ways. We take part in new national and international cosmology projects that are aiming to be 10 times more sensitive than any instrument ever built. These instruments will be able to detect extremely weak signals such as the CMB polarization that hold as much information as the CMB anisotropies, thereby allowing us to build a complete picture of the evolution of the universe. Our team includes astronomers who are experts in instrument design and construction and also in observation and data analysis. We also build our own small-scale instrument to investigate specific effects that feed into the general picture, and finally we develop the basic research in technology and astrophysics that supports the above mentioned activities. The support that we have requested in this application falls directly into these categories. We requested support for post-doctoral research scientists to analyse the astronomical data that will stream from instruments that we are working hard to build. We are also asking for effort to help us develop the state of the art technology that is required for building these instruments and finally we are asking for the hardware that will allow us develop and test this technology in our laboratories. It is an exciting programme that links theory, astronomical observation and experimental physics using the tremendous potential of bright young scientist to help us understand the world around us.
过去 15 年,由于探测到宇宙微波背景 (CMB) 的波动,我们对宇宙的认识发生了变化。这些波动是由当宇宙只有几分之一秒的时候原始宇宙流体密度的微小变化造成的。由于宇宙持续了不到一秒的极快膨胀,这些物质被炸到了天文大小。天文学家将这种现象称为“暴胀”。人们已经建造了大量仪器来通过测量这些各向异性的大小作为角尺度的函数(它们的“功率谱”)来表征这些各向异性的空间分布。这些测量非常重要,因为它们告诉我们很多有关宇宙演化的信息,并且各向异性包含导致宇宙当前结构的代码。牛津大学实验宇宙学小组的成员在 CAT、VSA 和 CBI 等宇宙学仪器方面发挥了主导作用。这些仪器和其他仪器,尤其是 NASA 太空望远镜 WMAP,揭示了数量惊人的准确信息,例如宇宙具有平坦的几何形状,其年龄为 137 亿年,宇宙中 94% 的物质不是我们所知的物质,而是一种称为“暗物质”的新物质形式和一种更神秘形式的暗能量的组合。那么故事就这样结束了吗?相反,我们在过去 15 年中获得的知识促使我们寻求物理学和天文学中更基本问题的答案。暗物质是一个谜,因为我们无法直接探测到它,但我们至少可以清楚地观察到它的引力影响。然而,暗能量要奇怪得多,因为它会导致宇宙的膨胀加速而不是减慢。这真的是真的吗?还是有其他解释可以调和我们所有的观察结果?我们能否断然确认通货膨胀确实发生过,如果确实发生过,那么能源规模是多少?这些是下一代宇宙学仪器面临的挑战,STFC 的这笔资助将使牛津能够为这些令人兴奋的发展做出重大贡献。我们的工作将以多种方式促进宇宙学的下一步发展。我们参与新的国家和国际宇宙学项目,其目标是比以往任何仪器的灵敏度提高 10 倍。这些仪器将能够探测到极其微弱的信号,例如宇宙微波背景偏振,它包含与宇宙微波背景各向异性一样多的信息,从而使我们能够构建宇宙演化的完整图景。我们的团队包括天文学家,他们是仪器设计和建造以及观测和数据分析方面的专家。我们还建造了自己的小型仪器来研究融入总体情况的具体效应,最后我们开展支持上述活动的技术和天体物理学基础研究。我们在此申请中请求的支持直接属于这些类别。我们请求支持博士后研究科学家分析从我们正在努力建造的仪器中流出的天文数据。我们还要求努力帮助我们开发构建这些仪器所需的最先进技术,最后我们要求提供硬件,以便我们在实验室中开发和测试这项技术。这是一个令人兴奋的项目,它将理论、天文观测和实验物理学联系起来,利用聪明的年轻科学家的巨大潜力来帮助我们了解周围的世界。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Multiple flare-angle horn feeds for sub-mm astronomy and cosmic microwave background experiments
- DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/201117124
- 发表时间:2011-08
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:6.5
- 作者:J. Leech;B. Tan;G. Yassin;P. Kittara;S. Wangsuya;J. Treuttel;M. Henry;M. Oldfield;P. Huggard
- 通讯作者:J. Leech;B. Tan;G. Yassin;P. Kittara;S. Wangsuya;J. Treuttel;M. Henry;M. Oldfield;P. Huggard
A 650 GHz Unilateral Finline SIS Mixer Fed by a Multiple Flare-Angle Smooth-Walled Horn
由多张角光滑壁喇叭供电的 650 GHz 单边 Finline SIS 混频器
- DOI:10.1109/tthz.2011.2177736
- 发表时间:2012
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.2
- 作者:Tan B
- 通讯作者:Tan B
Ultra-Wide Intermediate Bandwidth for High-Frequency SIS Mixers
适用于高频 SIS 混频器的超宽中间带宽
- DOI:10.1109/tthz.2013.2296567
- 发表时间:2014
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.2
- 作者:Tan B
- 通讯作者:Tan B
Finline-integrated cold electron bolometer
Finline 集成冷电子测辐射热计
- DOI:10.1117/12.858263
- 发表时间:2010
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Otto E
- 通讯作者:Otto E
Design of unilateral finline {SIS} mixers on 15 $\mu$m Silicon-On-Insulator substrate at {THz} frequency
15 $mu$m 绝缘体上硅衬底上 {THz} 频率的单边鳍线 {SIS} 混频器的设计
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2010
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Tan, B.-K.;Yassin, G.;Grimes, P. K.;Jacobs, K.
- 通讯作者:Jacobs, K.
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Ghassan Yassin其他文献
Far-Infrared Optics Design & Verification
- DOI:
10.1023/a:1019679102893 - 发表时间:
2002-07-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.500
- 作者:
Créidhe O'Sullivan;Eli Atad-Ettedgui;William Duncan;David Henry;Willem Jellema;J. Anthony Murphy;Neil Trappe;Herman van de Stadt;Stafford Withington;Ghassan Yassin - 通讯作者:
Ghassan Yassin
Ghassan Yassin的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Ghassan Yassin', 18)}}的其他基金
Photometric and Spectroscopic Superconducting Imaging Technology for Astrophysics
天体物理学光度和光谱超导成像技术
- 批准号:
ST/R000662/1 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 144.96万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
KIDSpec technology development: Opening a new window on the Universe, one photon at a time.
KIDSpec 技术开发:一次一个光子打开宇宙的新窗口。
- 批准号:
ST/M003868/1 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 144.96万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Photometric and Spectroscopic Superconducting Imaging Technology for Astrophysics
天体物理学光度和光谱超导成像技术
- 批准号:
ST/M001113/1 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 144.96万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Ultra-sensitive Detectors for Astronomy
用于天文学的超灵敏探测器
- 批准号:
ST/J001503/1 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 144.96万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Novel High Performance Feed Horns for Large Format Arrays at Millimetre and Submillimetre Wavelengths.
用于毫米和亚毫米波长大幅面阵列的新型高性能馈源喇叭。
- 批准号:
ST/H003029/1 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 144.96万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Bridging Fund for Clover/Oxford
三叶草/牛津过渡基金
- 批准号:
ST/G003491/1 - 财政年份:2008
- 资助金额:
$ 144.96万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
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