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VENUS EXPRESS PLS SUPPORT

VENUS EXPRESS 请支持

基本信息

批准号：
ST/G004161/1
负责人：
Fredric Taylor
金额：
$ 14.08万
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FG004161%2F1
关键词：
VENUS EXPRESS PLS SUPPORT

项目摘要

The Venus Express mission proposal was organised by Prof. Taylor from the UK and two colleagues from France and Germany respectively. He continues to implement the goals of the project at several levels, now principally in the role of Interdisciplinary Scientist (IDS), but also by continuing to support the development of the mission in a broader sense by assisting the Project Scientist and the ESA team. The overall mission aim is a global investigation of the Venusian atmosphere, plasma environment and some aspects of the surface. The IDS project is focused on understanding the atmosphere of Venus, in particular the key processes that determine the climate at the surface, its evolution, and similarities and differences with the Earth. Venus Express is ESA's first mission to Venus, based on re-use of the Mars Express spacecraft. It has a payload consisting of seven scientific instruments, ASPERA, PFS, SPICAV/SOIR, VeRA and VIRTIS, with heritage from Mars Express and Rosetta, and MAG and VMC, which are new instruments. VIRTIS (Visible-Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer) is the largest instrument, and has two Oxford Co-Is, Prof. Taylor and Dr P. Irwin. Venus Express was successfully launched in late 2005, arriving at Venus at the beginning of April 2006. The mission then completed a nominal mission of 500 Earth days (2 Venus days), and is now well into its first mission extension, due to end in May 2009. However, the spacecraft still has enough fuel to maintain its orbit for several years, so ESA is currently planning a second mission extension covering operations for a further two years (until May 2011) and this is considered very likely to go ahead. During the extended mission Venus Express will focus on several new science goals. - Mapping of long-term and interannual variation of atmospheric behaviour. Many of the meteorological and climatological process being observed show secular variations or long-term periodicity that can only be resolved with a long run of data. There is also some evidence showing a marked decrease of SO2, which could indicate episodic volcanic activity. - Mapping of as-yet-unexplored regions of the surface. The VIRTIS instrument is generating maps of surface properties using nightside observations in infrared window regions - however, only ~ 70% of the surface has been mapped to date. - Venus Express arrived at Venus near the solar minimum; to fully calculate the escape budgets we need measurements of solar wind interaction not only at solar minimum but through to solar maximum as well (due to occur around 2012). - Atmospheric drag experiments to investigate density variations in the upper atmosphere. - Joint observations between Venus Express and the Japanese Venus Climate Orbiter, which will arrive at Venus in December 2010. All of these activities are related to the applicant's IDS role and will require careful planning and negotiation of spacecraft operations and instrument modes and sequences, ideally including with the Japanese scientists and mission managers, as described later. ESA has discussed a joint working group with the Japanese agency in order to take this forward and the applicant has been invited to be a member of this. Meanwhile, the key collaborations related to implementing the successful IDS proposal are with the principal investigator groups for the various instruments, and with other IDSs at University of Nantes, Astrobiology Division of the Nature and Science Museum in Denver, and the California Institute of Technology. The collaborations mentioned above contribute expertise on exospheric processes, interior processes, and surface chemistry to the studies of climate. The role at Oxford is focussed on the Venusian atmosphere, including the use of the remote sensing instruments on the payload to investigate the temperature, composition and deep cloud structure on Venus, and to understand the global circulation, cloud chemistry and meteorology.

金星快车使命的提议是由英国的泰勒教授和两名分别来自法国和德国的同事组织的。他继续在几个层面上实现该项目的目标，目前主要担任跨学科科学家的角色，但也通过协助项目科学家和欧空局团队，继续支持更广泛意义上的使命的发展。总的使命目标是对金星大气、等离子体环境和表面的某些方面进行全球调查。IDS项目的重点是了解金星的大气层，特别是决定金星表面气候的关键过程，其演变以及与地球的相似性和差异。金星快车是欧空局的第一个金星使命，基于重新使用火星快车航天器。它的有效载荷包括7个科学仪器，ASPERA、PFS、SPICAV/SOIR、VeRA和VIRTIS，这些仪器继承了火星快车和罗塞塔号以及MAG和VMC这两种新仪器。VIRTIS（可见-红外热成像光谱仪）是最大的仪器，并有两个牛津Co-I，泰勒教授和P.欧文博士。金星快车于2005年底成功发射，并于2006年4月初抵达金星。该使命随后完成了500个地球日（2个金星日）的名义使命，现在正顺利进入其第一次使命延期，定于2009年5月结束。然而，航天器仍有足够的燃料维持其轨道数年，因此欧空局目前正在计划第二次使命延长，涵盖再运行两年（直到2011年5月），这被认为很有可能继续下去。在延长的使命中，金星快车将专注于几个新的科学目标。- 大气行为的长期和年际变化绘图。观测到的许多气象和气候过程显示出长期变化或长期周期性，只能通过长期数据来解决。也有一些证据表明二氧化硫明显减少，这可能表明有间歇性火山活动。- 绘制尚未探索的地表区域。VIRTIS仪器正在利用红外窗口区域的夜面观测生成表面特性图-然而，迄今为止只有约70%的表面被绘制出来。- 金星快车在太阳活动极小期附近抵达金星;为了充分计算逃逸预算，我们不仅需要测量太阳活动极小期的太阳风相互作用，还需要测量太阳活动极大期（预计在2012年左右发生）的太阳风相互作用。- 研究高层大气密度变化的大气阻力实验。- 金星快车与日本金星气候轨道器之间的联合观测，该轨道器将于2010年12月抵达金星。所有这些活动都与申请人的IDS作用有关，需要仔细规划和谈判航天器的操作和仪器的模式和顺序，最好包括与日本科学家和使命管理人员的谈判，如下文所述。欧空局与日本机构讨论了一个联合工作组，以推进这一工作，申请人已被邀请成为该工作组的成员。与此同时，与实施成功的IDS建议有关的关键合作是与各种仪器的主要研究小组，以及与南特大学、丹佛自然科学博物馆天体生物学部和加州理工学院的其他IDS。上述合作为气候研究提供了关于外逸层过程、内部过程和表面化学的专门知识。牛津大学的作用侧重于金星大气层，包括使用有效载荷上的遥感仪器调查金星上的温度、成分和深层云结构，并了解全球环流、云化学和气象学。