The COSMOS Consortium: Fundamental Cosmology, Dark Energy and the Cosmic Microwave Sky

COSMOS 联盟：基础宇宙学、暗能量和宇宙微波天空

• 批准号: ST/H008586/1
• 负责人: Stephen Hawking
• 金额: $ 116.51万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2009 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FH008586%2F1
• 关键词: COSMOS; Consortium; Fundamental; Cosmology; Dark

COSMOS, the National Cosmology Supercomputer, is the primary computational platform in the UK for the study of the early universe and the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the relic radiation left over from the Hot Big Bang. A key aim of the proposal is the scientific exploitation of new observational data coming from major experimental programmes supported by STFC. The COSMOS consortium encompasses world-leading researchers in these fields from ten UK Universities and London Colleges. This proposal requests funds for a phased upgrade and running costs during 2007-12. During this period, the COSMOS consortium seeks to drive the worldwide agenda in four important scientific areas: A. The cosmic microwave sky: Developing numerical techniques to extract information about our Universe from the CMB. A particular focus of this work is supporting the UK contribution to science exploitation of the world's most ambitious CMB experiment, the ESA Planck satellite. Two of the largest Planck Analysis Centres are located in the UK and several COSMOS Co-Is are on the Planck Core Team. Consortium members will also use COSMOS for science exploitation of other CMB experiments, such as QUIET, EBEX, PolarBEAR and WMAP data. These results will more precisely determine cosmological parameters like Hubble's constant which defines how fast the Universe is expanding. We will also use this CMB data to characterize and test early universe theories for the formation of galaxies and other large-scale structure. The COSMOS supercomputer is an essential tool for turning our mathematical models of the early universe into quantitative predictions which we can compare with these improving observations. In particular we will be looking for the specific signatures created by models of inflation (i.e. a period of rapid acceleration in the early universe) and also high energy cosmic strings. B. Dark energy and large-scale structure: We will investigate and numerically model how galaxy clusters and clouds of hydrogen gas in our Universe can be used to characterise the matter content of the universe. In particular we will study the nature of the dark energy believed to be causing the expansion of our Universe to accelerate today. Work on the COSMOS supercomputer will directly support preparations for the Dark Energy Survey, a large international collaboration in which STFC is an active participant. It builds on ongoing successful work using the COSMOS supercomputer to analyse data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a catalogue of a million galaxies, in particular the detailed characterisation of baryon oscillations. C, Fundamental cosmology and the early universe: A key aim will be investigating how our Universe emerged out of fundamental theories unifying all the forces of nature, called superstring or M theory, and which involve additional space dimensions. We will study popular models in which inflation and the Big Bang arise from the collision of two branes (so-called brane inflation) to see if there are testable signatures which might reveal the presence of extra dimensions. Many of these models produce cosmic strings and we will model brane collisions and phase transitions in the early universe in which strings can form, as well as the subsequent evolution of these networks. We will develop further our quantitative understanding of quantum field theory in the very early universe, which is the foundation for inflationary theories. D. Nuclear physics amd interdisciplinary applications: The COSMOS consortium contains experts in the study of localized and stable nonlinear field theory solutions known as solitons. These are ubiquitous throughout physics and we will study them in number of areas to see if we can test cosmological concepts in the laboratory. In particular, we will study aspects of nuclear physics (now in the remit of STFC) using soliton solutions called Skyrmions.

国家宇宙学超级计算机COSMOS是英国研究早期宇宙和宇宙微波背景（CMB）的主要计算平台，CMB是热大爆炸遗留下来的残余辐射。该提案的一个关键目标是科学利用来自STFC支持的主要实验方案的新观测数据。COSMOS联盟包括来自十所英国大学和伦敦学院的这些领域的世界领先的研究人员。该提案要求为2007- 2012年期间的分阶段升级和运行费用提供资金。在此期间，COSMOS联盟寻求在四个重要的科学领域推动全球议程：宇宙微波天空：发展数值技术从CMB中提取关于我们宇宙的信息。这项工作的一个特别重点是支持联合王国对世界上最雄心勃勃的CMB实验-欧空局普朗克卫星-的科学利用作出贡献。两个最大的普朗克分析中心位于英国，普朗克核心团队中有几个COSMOS Co-I。联合会成员还将利用COSMOS对其他CMB实验进行科学利用，如QUIET、EBEX、PolarBEAR和WMAP数据。这些结果将更精确地确定宇宙学参数，如哈勃常数，它定义了宇宙膨胀的速度。我们还将使用这些CMB数据来表征和测试星系和其他大尺度结构形成的早期宇宙理论。COSMOS超级计算机是将我们对早期宇宙的数学模型转化为定量预测的重要工具，我们可以将其与这些改进的观测结果进行比较。特别是，我们将寻找由暴胀模型（即早期宇宙中的快速加速期）和高能宇宙弦产生的特定签名。B。暗能量和大尺度结构：我们将研究和数值模拟我们宇宙中的星系团和氢气云如何被用来计算宇宙的物质含量。特别是，我们将研究暗能量的性质，据信这是导致我们的宇宙膨胀加速今天。COSMOS超级计算机的工作将直接支持暗能量调查的准备工作，这是一项大型国际合作，STFC是其中的积极参与者。它建立在正在进行的成功工作的基础上，使用COSMOS超级计算机分析斯隆数字巡天数据，这是一个包含100万个星系的目录，特别是重子振荡的详细特征。基本宇宙学和早期宇宙：一个关键目标将是研究我们的宇宙是如何从统一所有自然力的基本理论中出现的，称为超弦或M理论，并且涉及额外的空间维度。我们将研究流行的模型，其中暴胀和大爆炸产生于两个膜的碰撞（所谓的膜暴胀），看看是否有可测试的签名，可能揭示额外维度的存在。许多这些模型产生宇宙弦，我们将模型膜碰撞和相变在早期宇宙中，弦可以形成，以及随后的演变，这些网络。我们将进一步发展我们的量子场论在非常早期的宇宙，这是暴胀理论的基础定量的理解。D.核物理和跨学科应用：COSMOS联盟包括研究被称为孤子的局部和稳定的非线性场论解决方案的专家。这些在物理学中无处不在，我们将在许多领域研究它们，看看我们是否可以在实验室中测试宇宙学概念。特别是，我们将使用称为Skyrmions的孤子解决方案来研究核物理（现在属于STFC的职权范围）。

项目成果

Entanglement islands in higher dimensions

• DOI: 10.21468/scipostphys.9.1.001
• 发表时间: 2019-11
• 期刊: SciPost Physics
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Ahmed Almheiri;R. Mahajan;Jorge E Santos

Cosmological Evolution of Semilocal String Networks

半局域弦网络的宇宙演化

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1912.12069
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Achucarro A

Cosmological evolution of semilocal string networks.

半局域弦网络的宇宙演化。

• DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0004
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
• 作者: Achúcarro A

Correction to 'Cosmological evolution of semilocal string networks'.

对“半局域弦网络的宇宙演化”的更正。

• DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0431
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
• 作者: Achúcarro A

Evolution of semilocal string networks: Large-scale properties

半局域弦网络的演化：大规模特性

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.89.063503
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Achúcarro A