The transient sky: an integrated programme of study 2011 - 2016

瞬息万变的天空：2011 - 2016 年综合研究项目

• 批准号: ST/I001123/1
• 负责人: Francis Keenan
• 金额: $ 223.05万
• 依托单位: Queen's University Belfast
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FI001123%2F1
• 关键词: transient; sky; integrated; programme; study

To the naked eye, the night sky appears constant, apart from the motion of the Moon and brighter planets, and the passing of the occasional comet or meteor. However, detailed observations reveal that this is far from the truth. Many stars vary in brightness, either due to intrinsic variability or because an orbiting planet (called a transiting exoplanet) passes in front of it, blocking out a portion of the starlight. Faint, small Solar System bodies, orbiting the Sun and hence changing their position in the night sky, are revealed on exposures taken with large telescopes. Such exposures also reveal stars exploding as supernova in distant galaxies. Even the Sun - the brightest object in the sky - is continually changing. Giant explosions on its surface, known as flares, take place over timescales of minutes to hours. Recently, observations of the Sun with high-speed cameras reveal that changes in the solar atmosphere can occur over timescales of much less than a second. All these phenomena lead to what is termed the transient sky, i.e. a sky whose appearance varies with time. We plan a coordinated programme of observational and theoretical astrophysics to study such phenomena. This will make use of instruments and facilities developed specifically for the investigation of the transient sky, on timescales ranging from less than a second to months. Major themes which will be covered by our Rolling Grant programmes include: the study of activity and variability in the solar atmosphere at high time resolution with the ROSA imager; the discovery and characterisation of transiting exoplanets by the SuperWASP and RISE facilities; the detection of Solar System bodies and supernovae using data obtained from the Pan-STARRS sky survey. Our Rolling Grant programmes will also make extensive use of other major STFC facilities for followup and complementary observations of the Sun, exoplanets, Solar System bodies and supernovae, as well as the stars which explode as supernovae. These facilities include satellites, such as the Hinode solar mission and the Hubble Space Telescope, and large ground-based telescopes including the 8-metre diameter Very Large Telescope at the European Southern Observatory in Chile, and the 4-metre diameter William Herschel Telescope at the Isaac Newton Observatory on La Palma in the Canary Islands.

对于肉眼来说，夜空似乎是恒定的，除了月亮和更明亮的行星的运动，以及偶尔经过的彗星或流星。然而，详细的观察表明，这与事实相去甚远。许多恒星的亮度都不一样，要么是由于内在的变化，要么是因为一颗轨道行星（称为凌日系外行星）从它前面经过，挡住了一部分星光。太阳系中微弱的小天体围绕太阳运行，因此改变了它们在夜空中的位置，这是用大型望远镜拍摄的曝光照片。这样的曝光也揭示了遥远星系中恒星爆炸为超新星的过程。即使是天空中最明亮的物体-太阳也在不断变化。其表面的巨大爆炸，被称为耀斑，发生在几分钟到几小时的时间尺度上。最近，用高速相机对太阳的观测表明，太阳大气层的变化可以在远小于一秒的时间尺度上发生。所有这些现象都导致了所谓的瞬变天空，即其外观随时间变化的天空。我们计划一个观测和理论天体物理学的协调方案来研究这种现象。这将利用专门为调查瞬变天空而开发的仪器和设施，时间范围从不到一秒到几个月不等。我们的滚动赠款方案将涵盖的主要专题包括：用ROSA成像仪以高时间分辨率研究太阳大气层的活动和可变性;用SuperWASP和RISE设施发现凌日系外行星并确定其特征;利用Pan-STARRS巡天获得的数据探测太阳系天体和超新星。我们的滚动赠款方案还将广泛利用其他主要的STFC设施，对太阳、系外行星、太阳系天体和超新星以及爆炸为超新星的恒星进行后续和补充观测。这些设施包括卫星，如太阳使命和哈勃空间望远镜，以及大型地面望远镜，包括智利欧洲南方天文台8米直径的甚大望远镜和加那利群岛拉帕尔马艾萨克牛顿天文台4米直径的威廉·赫歇尔望远镜。

项目成果

The lowest-metallicity type II supernova from the highest-mass red supergiant progenitor

• DOI: 10.1038/s41550-018-0458-4
• 发表时间: 2018-05
• 期刊: Nature Astronomy
• 影响因子: 14.1
• 作者: J. Anderson;L. Dessart;C. Gutiérrez;T. Krühler;L. Galbany;A. Jerkstrand;S. Smartt;C. Contreras;N. Morrell;M. Phillips;M. Stritzinger;E. Hsiao;S. González-Gaitán;C. Agliozzo;C. Agliozzo;S. Castellón;K. Chambers;T. W. Chen;H. Flewelling;C. González;G. Hosseinzadeh;G. Hosseinzadeh;M. Huber;M. Fraser;C. Inserra;E. Kankare;S. Mattila;E. Magnier;K. Maguire;T. Lowe;J. Sollerman;M. Sullivan;D. Young;S. Valenti

SN 2012ec: mass of the progenitor from PESSTO follow-up of the photospheric phase

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv106
• 发表时间: 2014-10
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: C. Barbarino;M. Dall’ora;M. Botticella;M. Valle;L. Zampieri;J. Maund;M. L. Pumo;A. Jerkstrand;S. Benetti;N. Elias-Rosa;M. Fraser;A. Gal-yam;M. Hamuy;M. Hamuy;C. Inserra;C. Knapic;A. Lacluyze;M. Molinaro;P. Ochner;A. Pastorello;G. Pignata;D. Reichart;C. Ries;A. Riffeser;B. Schmidt;M. Schmidt;R. Smareglia;S. Smartt;K. Smith;J. Sollerman;M. Sullivan;L. Tomasella;M. Turatto;S. Valenti;O. Yaron;D. Young

Energy levels, radiative rates and electron impact excitation rates for transitions in He-like Mg XI, Al XII, P XIV and S XV

类 He Mg XI、Al XII、P XIV 和 S XV 跃迁的能级、辐射速率和电子碰撞激发速率

• DOI: 10.1088/0031-8949/85/02/025305
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Physica Scripta
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Aggarwal K

Energy levels, radiative rates and electron impact excitation rates for transitions in He-like Ga XXX, Ge XXXI, As XXXII, Se XXXIII and Br XXXIV

• DOI: 10.1088/0031-8949/87/04/045304
• 发表时间: 2013-03
• 期刊: Physica Scripta
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: K. Aggarwal;F. Keenan

Energy levels, radiative rates and electron impact excitation rates for transitions in He-like Fe XXV, Co XXVI, Ni XXVII, Cu XXVIII and Zn XXIX

• DOI: 10.1088/0031-8949/87/05/055302
• 发表时间: 2013-04
• 期刊: Physica Scripta
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: K. Aggarwal;F. Keenan