Visiting Fellowships at Durham

本申请寻求支持，以继续成功的游客计划，我们已经进行了达勒姆自1983年以来。这个应用程序涵盖了整个光谱的天文学研究在达勒姆，其中包括理论宇宙学，河外天文学，天文仪器，伽马射线天文学和高能天体物理学。目前的赠款支持了144名游客在2.5年的时间里，并导致了85个联合参考出版物涉及达勒姆的研究人员和游客。涉及参观者的研究项目的例子包括：处女座联盟对宇宙结构形成的N体和气体动力学模拟计划;星系形成的理论建模;对经历巨大星爆的年轻大质量星系的观测研究;理论和观测研究高红移气体;研究从几个太阳质量到十亿个太阳质量的各种大小的黑洞的吸积过程;超大质量黑洞的增长对星系形成的影响;在形成的早期阶段观察群体和集群;探测和解释来自外来物体（包括微类星体）的极高能量伽马射线;为现有的望远镜（如超大望远镜）和未来的望远镜（如极大望远镜）设计新仪器。

This application seeks support to continue the successful visitors programme that we have conducted at Durham since 1983. This application covers the entire spectrum of astronomical research at Durham which includes theoretical cosmology, extragalactic astronomy, astronomical instrumentation, gamma-ray astronomy and high energy astrophysics. The current grant has supported 144 visitors over a 2.5 year period and had led to 85 joint refereed publications involving Durham researchers and visitors. Examples of research projects involving visitors are: the Virgo Consortium's programme of N-body and gasdynamic simulations of the formation of structure in the universe; theoretical modelling of galaxy formation; observational studies of young massive galaxies undergoing huge starbursts; theoretical and observational studies of gas at high redshift; investigation of accretion processes onto black holes of a wide range of sizes, from a few to a billion solar masses; the effects of the growth of supermassive black holes on forming galaxies; observations of groups and clusters at early stages of formation; the detection and interpretation of very high energy gamma rays from exotic objects including microquasars; the design of new instruments for existing telescopes like the Very Large Telescope and future ones like the Extremely Large Telescope.