Planetary auroras: a universal perspective

行星极光:普遍视角

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    ST/I004084/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 55.99万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2011 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Many different cosmic bodies, from small planets to massive stars, possess magnetic fields. The Earth's magnetic field protects us from the harmful solar wind (a stream of particles emitted from the Sun), Jupiter's is the largest object in the solar system, and those of exoplanets may offer a new detection method. They are particularly interesting to study since the analyses of these many different types of body are mutually illuminating, i.e. we can learn much about distant astrophysical bodies by studying objects much closer to home, and vice versa. This proposal is thus a holistic study of the dynamics of planetary magnetic fields in our solar system and others, through a ubiquitous phenomenon: the 'northern lights', or aurora. Auroras on other planets in the solar system can be studied with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and they act as 'TV screens' in the upper atmospheres telling us how energy flows through the space controlled by the planets' magnetic fields. There are some fundamental gaps in our knowledge about Saturn's magnetic field. Most planets' magnetic fields wobble like tilting spinning tops as the planets spin. Saturn's is unique in that it does not, and yet strangely many phenomena associated with the magnetic field, like the aurora, pulse near the spin period. This could be due to a difference in conditions in the upper atmosphere at the summer and winter poles, however HST has only ever observed the southern auroras. In addition, Saturn's upper atmosphere is much hotter than models predict. I will obtain HST images of the northern auroras, which, in conjunction with in situ Cassini measurements, will provide the data required to resolve these problems. Despite the 'spinning top' wobble in most planets' magnetic fields, the models which describe how auroras are generated by the rapid rotation of Jupiter assume no wobble at all, i.e. symmetry in longitude about the spin axis. This is a fundamental omission, since Jupiter's auroras are clearly not longitudinally symmetric, and Jupiter is the source of various pulsing emissions which must be caused by a longitudinal asymmetry. I will thus develop the models to include this asymmetry, and also determine how the shape of the magnetic field and auroral processes are interdependent. These studies of the dynamics of Jupiter's tilted magnetic field will act as stepping stones toward developing models for the highly asymmetric magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune, about which very little is known. These models will therefore make discoveries about how these enigmatic magnetic fields work. Many hundreds of planets of roughly Jupiter's mass have been discovered orbiting other stars. Most of these orbit very close to the star, since present detection methods are best at finding close planets. The buffeting of these planets by stellar winds has been suggested to generate auroral radio waves powerful enough to be detected across tens of lightyears. However, I have recently shown that rapidly-spinning planets orbiting hot stars at the equivalent of Saturn's orbital distance could equally generate such detectable radio emissions. I will thus develop this model to determine exactly what configurations of this presently-overlooked class of planet are detectable, and also search radio telescope data for detections. The possibility of detecting potentially life-friendly magnetospheres of planets orbiting other stars is particularly exciting and of significant relevance to wider society.
许多不同的宇宙天体,从小行星到大质量恒星,都拥有磁场。地球的磁场保护我们免受有害的太阳风(太阳发出的粒子流)的影响,木星的磁场是太阳系中最大的天体,而系外行星的磁场可能会提供一种新的探测方法。它们的研究特别有趣,因为对这些不同类型天体的分析是相互启发的,也就是说,我们可以通过研究离家更近的物体来了解更多关于遥远天体的知识,反之亦然。因此,这项提议是通过一种普遍存在的现象:“北极光”或极光,对太阳系和其他行星磁场的动态进行整体研究。太阳系其他行星上的极光可以用哈勃太空望远镜(HST)进行研究,它们在高层大气中充当“电视屏幕”,告诉我们能量如何在行星磁场控制的空间中流动。我们对土星磁场的了解存在一些根本性的空白。大多数行星的磁场随着行星的旋转而像倾斜的陀螺一样摆动。土星的独特之处在于它不会,但奇怪的是,许多与磁场相关的现象,如极光,在自转周期附近会产生脉冲。这可能是由于夏季和冬季两极高层大气条件的差异造成的,但 HST 只观测到了南极光。此外,土星的高层大气比模型预测的要热得多。我将获得北极光的 HST 图像,这些图像与卡西尼号现场测量相结合,将提供解决这些问题所需的数据。尽管大多数行星的磁场都会出现“陀螺”摆动,但描述木星快速旋转如何产生极光的模型却假设根本没有摆动,即绕自转轴的经度对称。这是一个根本性的遗漏,因为木星的极光显然不是纵向对称的,而木星是各种脉冲发射的来源,这些脉冲发射一定是由纵向不对称引起的。因此,我将开发模型来包含这种不对称性,并确定磁场的形状和极光过程如何相互依赖。这些对木星倾斜磁场动力学的研究将成为开发天王星和海王星高度不对称磁场模型的垫脚石,而人们对此知之甚少。因此,这些模型将发现这些神秘的磁场如何运作。人们发现了数百颗质量与木星相当的行星围绕其他恒星运行。大多数这些轨道都非常靠近恒星,因为目前的探测方法最适合寻找附近的行星。有人认为,恒星风对这些行星的冲击会产生极光无线电波,其强度足以在数十光年范围内被探测到。然而,我最近表明,围绕热恒星运行的快速旋转行星,其轨道距离相当于土星的轨道距离,同样可以产生这种可检测到的无线电发射。因此,我将开发这个模型,以确定目前被忽视的行星类别的哪些配置是可检测到的,并搜索射电望远镜数据以进行检测。探测绕其他恒星运行的行星的磁层的可能性尤其令人兴奋,并且与更广泛的社会具有重要意义。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Weakening of Jupiter's main auroral emission during January 2014
  • DOI:
    10.1002/2015gl067366
  • 发表时间:
    2016-02
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    5.2
  • 作者:
    S. Badman;B. Bonfond;M. Fujimoto;R. Gray;Y. Kasaba;S. Kasahara;T. Kimura;H. Melin;J. Nichols;A. Steffl;Chengcheng Tao;F. Tsuchiya;A. Yamazaki;M. Yoneda;I. Yoshikawa;K. Yoshioka
  • 通讯作者:
    S. Badman;B. Bonfond;M. Fujimoto;R. Gray;Y. Kasaba;S. Kasahara;T. Kimura;H. Melin;J. Nichols;A. Steffl;Chengcheng Tao;F. Tsuchiya;A. Yamazaki;M. Yoneda;I. Yoshikawa;K. Yoshioka
Magnetospheric magnetic field modelling for the 2011 and 2012 HST Saturn aurora campaigns - implications for auroral source regions
2011 年和 2012 年 HST 土星极光活动的磁层磁场建模 - 对极光源区的影响
  • DOI:
    10.5194/angeo-32-689-2014
  • 发表时间:
    2014
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.9
  • 作者:
    Belenkaya E
  • 通讯作者:
    Belenkaya E
Solar Wind and Internally Driven Dynamics: Influences on Magnetodiscs and Auroral Responses
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s11214-014-0075-1
  • 发表时间:
    2015-04
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    10.3
  • 作者:
    P. Delamere;F. Bagenal;C. Paranicas;Adam Masters;A. Radioti;B. Bonfond;Licia C. Ray;Xianzhe Jia-Xianzhe-Ji
  • 通讯作者:
    P. Delamere;F. Bagenal;C. Paranicas;Adam Masters;A. Radioti;B. Bonfond;Licia C. Ray;Xianzhe Jia-Xianzhe-Ji
Open flux in Saturn's magnetosphere
土星磁层中的开放通量
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.icarus.2013.12.004
  • 发表时间:
    2014
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.2
  • 作者:
    Badman S
  • 通讯作者:
    Badman S
The impact of an ICME on the Jovian X-ray aurora.
  • DOI:
    10.1002/2015ja021888
  • 发表时间:
    2016-03
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Dunn WR;Branduardi-Raymont G;Elsner RF;Vogt MF;Lamy L;Ford PG;Coates AJ;Gladstone GR;Jackman CM;Nichols JD;Rae IJ;Varsani A;Kimura T;Hansen KC;Jasinski JM
  • 通讯作者:
    Jasinski JM
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Jonathan Nichols其他文献

EMPIRIC TREATMENT OF CARCINOID CRISIS
  • DOI:
    10.1016/s0735-1097(22)03709-3
  • 发表时间:
    2022-03-08
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Jonathan Nichols;Bram J. Geller;Samuel Tristram Coffin;Aaron Lloyd
  • 通讯作者:
    Aaron Lloyd
EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION AS A BRIDGE TO TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IN A PATIENT WITH CARDIOGENIC SHOCK DUE TO SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS
  • DOI:
    10.1016/s0735-1097(23)04186-4
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03-07
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Jessica Evans;Jonathan Nichols;Laura Onderko;Bram J. Geller;Reed Quinn;Maxwell Eyram Afari
  • 通讯作者:
    Maxwell Eyram Afari
“Store-operated” cAMP signaling contributes to Ca 2 (cid:2) -activated Cl (cid:3) secretion in T84 colonic cells
“存储操作”cAMP 信号传导有助于 T84 结肠细胞中 Ca 2 (cid:2) 激活的 Cl (cid:3) 分泌
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2015
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Jonathan Nichols;Isabella Maiellaro;J. Abi;S. Curci;A. Hofer
  • 通讯作者:
    A. Hofer
Passive UHF-RFID Tag With Printed Security Features for Authentication and Tamper Resistance
具有印刷安全功能的无源 UHF-RFID 标签,可实现身份验证和防篡改
  • DOI:
    10.1109/jrfid.2024.3382505
  • 发表时间:
    2024
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.1
  • 作者:
    E. Enakerakpo;Ashraf Umar;M. Alhendi;Riadh Al;Dylan Richmond;U. S. Somarathna;Stephen Gonya;M. Poliks;Tom Rovere;Matthew Beckford;Jonathan Nichols
  • 通讯作者:
    Jonathan Nichols
EMERGENT USE OF VENO-ARTERIAL EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION (VA-ECMO) IN A PATIENT WITH CARDIAC ARREST CAUSED BY PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
  • DOI:
    10.1016/s0735-1097(22)03634-8
  • 发表时间:
    2022-03-08
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Jonathan Nichols;Esther Shao;Laura Onderko;Aaron Shaikh;Szymon L. Wiernek
  • 通讯作者:
    Szymon L. Wiernek

Jonathan Nichols的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Jonathan Nichols', 18)}}的其他基金

P2C2: New Zealand Climate in Three Warm Periods
P2C2:新西兰三个温暖时期的气候
  • 批准号:
    1903652
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 55.99万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Constraining the Relationship Between Vegetation Change and Net Carbon Sequestration in Arctic and Boreal Peatlands
限制北极和北方泥炭地植被变化与净碳固存之间的关系
  • 批准号:
    1557078
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 55.99万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

相似海外基金

Characteristics of dawn-noon side auroras and atmospheric composition changes revealed by ground-based spectroscopic and imaging observations in short wavelength infrared
短波红外地基光谱和成像观测揭示的黎明-中午侧极光特征和大气成分变化
  • 批准号:
    20H01962
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 55.99万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Statistical Comparison of Auroras in Northern and Southern Hemispheres
南北半球极光统计比较
  • 批准号:
    1743118
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 55.99万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Investigating Jupiter's Auroras and Magnetosphere using the Hubble Space Telescope and Juno
使用哈勃太空望远镜和朱诺号研究木星的极光和磁层
  • 批准号:
    1923980
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 55.99万
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Generation mechanism of pulsating auroras based on their classification
基于分类的脉动极光产生机制
  • 批准号:
    15K05305
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 55.99万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Advanced Ultrasonic Imaging of Composite Repairs in Aero-Structures (AURORAS)
航空结构复合材料修复的先进超声波成像 (AURORAS)
  • 批准号:
    101669
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 55.99万
  • 项目类别:
    Collaborative R&D
Joint Incoherent Scatter Radar and Electro-Optical Remote-Sensing of the Effects of Auroras as well as Planetary, Tidal and Gravity Waves in the Polar Thermosphere over Sondrestrom
联合非相干散射雷达和光电遥感对 Sondrestrom 极地热层中的极光以及行星波、潮汐波和重力波的影响
  • 批准号:
    0854704
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 55.99万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Artificial Auroras: The energy spectrum of accelerated electrons from wave-particle interactions
人造极光:波粒相互作用加速电子的能谱
  • 批准号:
    ST/G00241X/1
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 55.99万
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    Research Grant
Conjugacy of auroras and their relationship to solar activity
极光的共轭及其与太阳活动的关系
  • 批准号:
    21403007
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 55.99万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Source of High Trace-Velocity Infrasound Signals and Pulsating Auroras
高痕速次声信号和脉动极光的来源
  • 批准号:
    0741641
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 55.99万
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    Continuing Grant
High-time resolution optical observation of auroras in the Canadian arctic
加拿大北极极光的高时间分辨率光学观测
  • 批准号:
    19403010
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 55.99万
  • 项目类别:
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