COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF PRIMATE SPATIAL COGNITION AND MEMORY

灵长类空间认知和记忆的比较研究

• 批准号: 6354101
• 负责人: CHARLES R MENZEL
• 金额: $ 7.91万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-01 至 2001-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6354101
• 关键词: Cebidae; Macaca mulatta; Pan; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; cognition; computer simulation; cues; memory; paralinguistic behavior; space perception

Comparative studies of primate spatial cognition and memory. The first aim of this research is to determine some of the information that chimpanzees recall and convey about the nature, location and temporal availability of objects in outdoor environments. The research will obtain measures of recall that are independent of an animal's path of travel. Four chimpanzees will be tested. The animals are uniquely well-suited for studies of recall memory. They have learned arbitrary visual symbols (lexigrams) that refer to foods and other objects, and some can use the lexigrams outside the context in which they originally encountered the objects. The following method will be used to assess recall. An animal sees an experimenter place an object in an outdoor location. Later, in its indoor cage, the animal can indicate to uninformed person the type and location of outdoor location. Later, in its indoor cage. the animal an indicate to an uninformed person the type and location of the object. Delays between the cue-diving and response phases of the trial will range up to 4 weeks. The ability to recall information about features of the environment not present to the senses is important in human thinking, planning and communication, but to date there are almost no data on recall memory capabilities in non-verbal animals. The second aim of this research is to study the movements of capuchins, macaques and chimpanzees in computer-presented foraging, barrier and maze tasks. Tasks that an animal can solve in an outdoor enclosure will be modeled for presentation to that animal in a digital format. Animals will move a joystick to make a cursor hit a target on a computer monitor. In one study, barriers and/or targets will disappear as soon as the animal beings to move. Questions are how much detail the animal members about the positions of targets, landmarks, and barriers, and how efficient its route is. Each animal's route will be compared on a jump by jump basis to an optima routing. In a further study, barriers and targets will remain visible during trials. To assess planning ahead, eye movement swill be analyzed. Planning during initial solutions of novel mazes by maze-naive capuchins, macaques, and chimpanzees will be studies. The development of planning over a series of mazes will be examined, in accord with Bidell & Fischer's theory of the development of planning skills.

灵长类空间认知与记忆的比较研究。这项研究的第一个目的是确定黑猩猩在户外环境中回忆和传达的关于物体的性质、位置和时间可用性的一些信息。这项研究将获得独立于动物旅行路径的回忆措施。四只黑猩猩将接受测试。这种动物非常适合研究回忆记忆。他们已经学会了任意的视觉符号（lexigram），指的是食物和其他物体，有些人可以在他们最初遇到物体的上下文之外使用lexigram。 将使用以下方法评估回忆。一只动物看到实验者把一个物体放在户外。后来，在其室内笼子里，动物可以向不知情的人指示室外位置的类型和位置。后来，在它的室内笼子里。动物可以向不知情的人指示物体的类型和位置。试验的线索潜水和反应阶段之间的延迟将长达4周。能够回忆起不存在于感官中的环境特征信息的能力在人类思维、计划和交流中很重要，但迄今为止，几乎没有关于非语言动物回忆记忆能力的数据。本研究的第二个目的是研究卷尾猴、猕猴和黑猩猩在计算机呈现的觅食、障碍和迷宫任务中的运动。动物可以在户外围栏中解决的任务将被建模，以数字格式呈现给动物。动物会移动操纵杆，使光标击中计算机显示器上的目标。在一项研究中，障碍和/或目标将消失，只要动物的存在移动。问题是动物成员对目标、地标和障碍物的位置有多少细节，以及它的路线有多有效。每只动物的路线将逐跳与最佳路线进行比较。在进一步的研究中，障碍和目标将在试验期间保持可见。为了提前评估计划，将分析眼动。本研究将探讨卷尾猴、猕猴及黑猩猩在迷宫初始解阶段的规划。雅阁Bidell & Fischer的规划技能发展理论，将对一系列迷宫的规划发展进行研究。