Imperial College Astrophysics: Consolidated Grant 2012-2014

帝国理工学院天体物理学：综合补助金 2012-2014

• 批准号: ST/J001368/1
• 负责人: Andrew Jaffe
• 金额: $ 47.23万
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FJ001368%2F1
• 关键词: Imperial; College; Astrophysics; Consolidated; Grant

Imperial College Astrophysics uses data from the most sophisticated astronomical instruments in the world and in space to understand some of the most important scientific questions of the day: - What is the universe made of and how does it evolve? - How do galaxies, stars and planets form and evolve?To address these questions, we must confront the data with sophisticated models for the overall structure of the Universe as well as its constituents.On the very largest scales, we will be using the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), photons which last interacted with other matter only 400,000 years after the big bang. The CMB gives us a snapshot of the early Universe when it was hot, dense and simple. Combined with our understanding of the physical laws, our observations give us a wealth of information about the Universe on its largest scales: we can test the so-called Copernican Principle, our assumption of the isotropy of the Universe. We can also observe the effects of cosmological inflation, an early period of accelerated expansion thought to be responsible for the distribution of matter in the Universe. Similarly, data such as observations of distant supernovae will allow us to map the expansion of the Universe slightly closer to home, roughly half way to the surface probed by the CMB.Combining these data with information from other telescopes and experiments such as the LHC at CERN, we can probe the fundamental constituents of matter, and identify the dark matter which accounts for roughly fives times more matter in the Universe than the atoms we are made of.Armed with these models of particle physics and cosmology, we have the necessary background to understand the evolution of galaxies and the stars within them, probed using large surveys with ground and space-based telescopes. The Herschel Space Observatory is the most sensitive instrument capable of observing the roughly 50% of all photons in the Universe that are emitted by the dust that lurks between the stars of most galaxies (dust that itself is produced by earlier generations of stars in those same galaxies). By understanding the processes responsible for this radiation we can build a picture of the assembly of galaxies like our own Milky Way.Large surveys of the sky also give us a potential window for finding extreme objects: the most distant, or most massive, or coldest objects that lurk at the outskirts of our data. However, finding them requires not only lots of data, but also robust statistical techniques to sift through them. These techniques have already found the most distant quasar and we are poised to find yet more unusual objects in new datasets.

帝国理工学院天体物理学使用世界上最复杂的天文仪器和太空中的数据来理解当今一些最重要的科学问题：宇宙是由什么组成的？它是如何演变的？-星系、恒星和行星是如何形成和演化的？为了解决这些问题，我们必须用宇宙整体结构及其组成的复杂模型来面对这些数据。在最大的尺度上，我们将使用宇宙微波背景（CMB），这是大爆炸后40万年最后一次与其他物质相互作用的光子。CMB为我们提供了早期宇宙的快照，当时它是热的、致密的、简单的。结合我们对物理定律的理解，我们的观察为我们提供了关于宇宙最大尺度的丰富信息：我们可以检验所谓的哥白尼原理，即我们对宇宙各向同性的假设。我们还可以观察到宇宙膨胀的影响，这是一种早期的加速膨胀，被认为是宇宙中物质分布的原因。同样，对遥远超新星的观测等数据将使我们能够绘制出离地球稍近的宇宙膨胀图，大约是宇宙微波背景探测到的表面的一半。将这些数据与来自其他望远镜和实验（如欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机）的信息相结合，我们可以探测物质的基本成分，并确定暗物质，暗物质在宇宙中所占的物质大约是构成我们的原子的五倍。有了这些粒子物理学和宇宙学的模型，我们就有了必要的背景来理解星系和星系中的恒星的演化，利用地面和太空望远镜进行大规模调查。赫歇尔空间天文台是最灵敏的仪器，能够观测到宇宙中大约50%的光子，这些光子是由潜伏在大多数星系恒星之间的尘埃发出的（这些尘埃本身是由这些星系中较早一代的恒星产生的）。通过了解产生这种辐射的过程，我们就能描绘出像银河系这样的星系群。对天空的大规模调查也为我们提供了一个寻找极端物体的潜在窗口：潜伏在我们数据边缘的最远、最大、最冷的物体。然而，找到它们不仅需要大量的数据，还需要强大的统计技术来筛选它们。这些技术已经发现了最遥远的类星体，我们准备在新的数据集中发现更多不寻常的物体。

项目成果

HerMES: a search for high-redshift dusty galaxies in the HerMES Large Mode Survey – catalogue, number counts and early results

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw1769
• 发表时间: 2016-01
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: V. Asboth;A. Conley;J. Sayers;M. Béthermin;S. Chapman;D. Clements;A. Cooray;A. Cooray;H. Dannerbauer;D. Farrah;J. Glenn;S. Golwala;M. Halpern;E. Ibar;R. Ivison;P. Maloney;R. Marques-Chaves;R. Marques-Chaves;P. Mart́ınez-Navajas;P. Mart́ınez-Navajas;S. Oliver;I. Pérez-Fournon;I. Pérez-Fournon;D. Riechers;M. Rowan‐Robinson;D. Scott;S. Siegel;J. Vieira;M. Viero;Lingyu Wang;Lingyu Wang;J. Wardlow;J. Wardlow;J. Wheeler

POLARBEAR constraints on cosmic birefringence and primordial magnetic fields

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.92.123509
• 发表时间: 2015-12-08
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Ade, Peter A. R.;Arnold, Kam;Zahn, Oliver
• 通讯作者: Zahn, Oliver

Reconstruction of total solar irradiance 1974-2009

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201118702
• 发表时间: 2012-05-01
• 期刊: ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Ball, W. T.;Unruh, Y. C.;Jaffe, A. H.
• 通讯作者: Jaffe, A. H.

H-ATLAS: A Candidate High Redshift Cluster/Protocluster of Star-Forming Galaxies

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw1224
• 发表时间: 2016-05
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: D. Clements;F. Braglia;G. Petitpas;J. Greenslade;A. Cooray;E. Valiante;G. Zotti;B. O’Halloran;J. Holdship;B. Morris;I. Pérez-Fournon;D. Herranz;D. Riechers;M. Baes;M. Bremer;N. Bourne;H. Dannerbauer;A. Dariush;L. Dunne;S. Eales;J. Fritz;J. González-Nuevo;R. Hopwood;E. Ibar;R. Ivison;L. Leeuw;S. Maddox;M. Michałowski;M. Negrello;A. Omont;I. Oteo;S. Serjeant;I. Valtchanov;J. Vieira;J. Wardlow;P. Werf

HERUS: The far-IR/submm spectral energy distributions of local ULIRGs and photometric atlas

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx3227
• 发表时间: 2017-12
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: D. Clements;C. Pearson;C. Pearson;C. Pearson;D. Farrah;J. Greenslade;J. Bernard-Salas;E. González-Alfonso;J. Afonso;A. Efstathiou;D. Rigopoulou;D. Rigopoulou;V. Lebouteiller;V. Lebouteiller;P. Hurley;H. Spoon