PSYCHOPHYSICAL, STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CORRELATES OF CHEMOSENSORY FUNCTION

这个项目的重点是疾病状态影响化学感受上皮细胞。我们 在这里，我们把注意力转向两种疾病--一种涉及味觉，另一种是 气味-可能归因于感觉上皮的紊乱：1） 放射性味觉障碍和2）类固醇依赖性嗅觉丧失。我们将 利用当代心理物理学、解剖学和生理学测试， 检查对照受试者上皮的功能和结构 在适当的患者群体中。这种多学科 方法将使我们能够提供更完整的描述 与感觉相关的功能和结构变化 干扰. 被诊断患有头部或颈部鳞状细胞癌的受试者将 在辐射之前、期间和之后进行味觉功能测试 治疗定量和定性的味觉变化将被跟踪 在功能丧失和恢复期间。重要 舌头的染色将允许我们测量味觉孔密度。 菌状乳头的活检可以让我们测量味蕾 完整性和功能的手段，标记gustducin和细胞角蛋白- 19.为了进行心理物理和解剖学之间的比较 观察，所有措施将在同一地区进行的 舌的前背表面。 同样，我们将测试过敏性鼻炎患者的嗅觉 功能之前，期间和之后局部类固醇治疗。两 检测能力和超阈值强度感知将是 单方面决定。两个嗅上皮活检将 使用三种组织化学标记进行分析：嗅觉标记蛋白（OMP） 和GAP 43作为细胞成熟度的量度，和糖皮质激素受体（GR） 以确定GR分布的变化。膜的平行变化 气味刺激诱导的电流和细胞内钙离子将 在分离的嗅觉受体神经元中使用松散贴片测量 通过刺激气味的记录将在隔离的嗅觉环境中测量。 受体神经元用同时钙离子记录的散斑 显像此外，为了评估粘液离子的可能变化， 在这种疾病状态下的体内平衡，我们将通过以下方式确定粘液离子含量： 火焰光度法和离子特异性染料的比率成像。

This project focuses on disease states affect chemosensory epithelia. We turn our attention herein to two diseases-on involving taste, the other smell-possibly attributable to disturbances in the sensory epithelium: 1) radiation induced dysgeusia and 2) steroid dependent anosmia. We will utilize contemporary psychophysical, anatomical and physiological tests to examine the function and structure of the epithelium in control subjects and in the appropriate patient populations. This multidisciplinary approach will allow us to provide a more complete description of the functional and structural changes that correlate with sensory disturbances. Subjects diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the head or neck will be tested for gustatory function prior to, during and after radiation treatment. Quantitative and qualitative taste changes will be tracked throughout the time period of loss and recovery of function. Vital staining of the tongue will allow us to measure taste pore density. Biopsies of fungiform papillae will permit us to measure taste bud integrity and function by means of the markers gustducin and cytokeratin- 19. In order to allow comparison between psychophysical and anatomical observations, all measures will be performed on the same area of the anterior dorsal surface of the tongue. Likewise, we will test subjects with allergic rhinitis for olfactory function prior to, during and after topical steroid treatment. Both detection ability and supra-threshold intensity perception will be determined unilaterally. Two biopsies of the olfactory epithelium will be analyzed using three histochemical markers: olfactory marker protein (OMP) and GAP43 as measures of cell maturity, and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to determine changes in GR distribution. Parallel changes in membrane current and intracellular calcium induced by stimulation with odors will be measured in isolated olfactory receptor neurons using loose patch recording by stimulation with odors will be measured in isolated olfactory receptor neurons using loose patch recording with simultaneous calcium imaging. In addition, in order to assess possible changes in mucus ion homeostasis in this disease state, we will determine mucus ion content by flame photometry and ratio-imaging of ion-specific dyes.