PSYCHOPHYSICAL, STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CORRELATES OF CHEMOSENSORY FUNCTION

这个项目主要关注疾病状态对化学感觉上皮的影响。我们 把我们的注意力转到两种疾病上--一种涉及味觉，另一种 嗅觉--可能归因于感觉上皮的紊乱：1) 2)激素依赖型嗅觉障碍。我们会 利用现代心理物理、解剖学和生理学测试 检测正常受试者上皮细胞的功能和结构 并在适当的患者群体中。这是一个多学科的 方法将使我们能够提供对 与感官相关的功能和结构变化 骚乱。 被诊断为头或颈部鳞状细胞癌的受试者 在辐射前、辐射中和辐射后进行味觉功能测试 治疗。将跟踪定量和定性的口味变化 在整个功能丧失和恢复的时间段。生死攸关 舌头的染色将使我们能够测量味觉毛孔密度。 菌状乳头的活组织检查将使我们能够测量味蕾 通过Gustducin和细胞角蛋白标记的完整性和功能- 19.为了能够比较心理物理和解剖学 观测，所有测量将在同一区域内进行 舌头的前背部表面。 同样，我们将测试过敏性鼻炎患者的嗅觉。 在外用类固醇治疗之前、期间和之后的功能。两者都有 探测能力和超阈值强度感知将是 单方面决定的。嗅觉上皮的两次活检将是 嗅觉标记蛋白(OMP)三种组织化学标志物的检测 和GAP43作为细胞成熟度的指标，以及糖皮质激素受体(GR) 以确定GR分布的变化。膜的平行变化 气味刺激引起的电流和细胞内钙离子 在分离的嗅觉感受器神经元中使用松弛贴片进行测量 通过气味刺激进行的记录将在隔离嗅觉中进行测量 松弛膜片记录结合同步钙离子记录受体神经元 成像。此外，为了评估粘液离子可能的变化 在这种疾病状态下，我们将通过以下方法确定粘液离子含量 离子特定染料的火焰光度和比值成像。

This project focuses on disease states affect chemosensory epithelia. We turn our attention herein to two diseases-on involving taste, the other smell-possibly attributable to disturbances in the sensory epithelium: 1) radiation induced dysgeusia and 2) steroid dependent anosmia. We will utilize contemporary psychophysical, anatomical and physiological tests to examine the function and structure of the epithelium in control subjects and in the appropriate patient populations. This multidisciplinary approach will allow us to provide a more complete description of the functional and structural changes that correlate with sensory disturbances. Subjects diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the head or neck will be tested for gustatory function prior to, during and after radiation treatment. Quantitative and qualitative taste changes will be tracked throughout the time period of loss and recovery of function. Vital staining of the tongue will allow us to measure taste pore density. Biopsies of fungiform papillae will permit us to measure taste bud integrity and function by means of the markers gustducin and cytokeratin- 19. In order to allow comparison between psychophysical and anatomical observations, all measures will be performed on the same area of the anterior dorsal surface of the tongue. Likewise, we will test subjects with allergic rhinitis for olfactory function prior to, during and after topical steroid treatment. Both detection ability and supra-threshold intensity perception will be determined unilaterally. Two biopsies of the olfactory epithelium will be analyzed using three histochemical markers: olfactory marker protein (OMP) and GAP43 as measures of cell maturity, and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to determine changes in GR distribution. Parallel changes in membrane current and intracellular calcium induced by stimulation with odors will be measured in isolated olfactory receptor neurons using loose patch recording by stimulation with odors will be measured in isolated olfactory receptor neurons using loose patch recording with simultaneous calcium imaging. In addition, in order to assess possible changes in mucus ion homeostasis in this disease state, we will determine mucus ion content by flame photometry and ratio-imaging of ion-specific dyes.