Astrophysics and Planetary Science at Oxford 2013-16

牛津天体物理学和行星科学 2013-16

• 批准号: ST/K00106X/1
• 负责人: Roger Davies
• 金额: $ 467.99万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FK00106X%2F1
• 关键词: Astrophysics; Planetary; Science; Oxford; 2013

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is a cornerstone of cosmology and its precise measurement is of the highest importance but it is heavily polluted by emission from our Galaxy. We propose a new measurement of that foreground radiation at low frequencies which will lead to a more precise interpretation of the data from the Planck satellite. Combining insights from this work with results from other CMB telescopes will lead to a better understanding of the inflationary epoch and dark Universe. To probe the distribution of dark matter we have developed state of the art techniques for the measurement and interpretation of the minute distortions of the images of distant galaxies that arise from matter along the line of sight. This work exploits current surveys but is looking towards future involvement in ESAs EUCLID satellite. We are actively pursuing complementary approaches to measuring the structure of the Universe and the parameters that describe it. From time-domain surveys we will discover distant supernovae and strive for a better understanding supernova physics. The imprint of the large scale structure is revealed through the distribution of galaxies, and we are measuring this over a range of epochs to track how the structure evolves.Supernovae and active galactic nuclei regulate star formation and deposit huge amounts of energy into interstellar gas. We will observe directly galaxies less than one billion years after the Big Bang to see when they formed their first stars and the effect they have on their surroundings. We can even probe the CO gas in and around galaxies at these early epochs. We will model these complex processes in a cosmological setting using advanced techniques of high performance computing. We will use the same techniques to study the origin of magnetic fields and the acceleration of cosmic rays in supernova remnants. We are proposing to utilise our citizen science infrastructure to characterise galaxies from the HST CANDELS survey and search for the causes of activity in galaxies. New instruments will enable us to apply the diagnostics we developed for local galaxies to galaxies seen when the Universe was half its present age. By studying galaxies in both the densest clusters and in the most rapidly star-forming dusty galaxies we will explore the dependence of galaxy evolution on mass and the local neighbourhood. Our Galaxy should place some of the strongest constraints on cosmology, but all observations of it are strongly biased by our position within it. We will map the three-dimensional distribution of extinction in the Galaxy and develop new dynamical models of our Galaxy. Presently our models are constrained by data from ground-based surveys but our work will be used to interpret data from ESA's Gaia satellite.Astronomers have discovered several hundred planetary systems. One technique searches for extremely small but regular dips in brightness that indicate the presence of a planet occulting light from a star. By developing advanced analysis techniques we propose to use these `transits' not only to discover new planets - including ones resembling the Earth - but also to study the structure and composition of their atmospheres. By undertaking careful modelling of the passage of radiation through planetary atmospheres we will rigorously test the validity of such conclusions and assist in the design of future experiments. The atmospheres of the giant planets in the Solar System exhibit surface features, banding and cyclonic spots of unknown origin, furthermore the difference between the gas giants and the ice giants remains to be understood. We intend to apply modelling using high performance computing to the results from planetary missions to investigate the physical mechanisms that underpin these phenomena. Finally we seek to understand the surface composition of the closest astronomical object, the Moon, through comparative spectroscopy and modelling.

宇宙微波背景（CMB）是宇宙学的基石，它的精确测量是最重要的，但它受到我们银河系辐射的严重污染。我们提出了一种新的低频前景辐射测量方法，这将导致对普朗克卫星数据的更精确解释。将这项工作的见解与其他CMB望远镜的结果结合起来，将有助于更好地理解暴胀时代和黑暗宇宙。为了探测暗物质的分布，我们开发了最先进的技术来测量和解释遥远星系图像的微小扭曲，这些扭曲是由沿着视线的物质产生的。这项工作利用了目前的调查，但期望将来参与欧空局的EUCLID卫星。我们正在积极寻求互补的方法来测量宇宙的结构和描述它的参数。从时域调查中，我们将发现遥远的超新星，并努力更好地理解超新星物理学。大尺度结构的印记是通过星系的分布揭示出来的，我们正在通过一系列的时代来测量它，以跟踪结构是如何演变的。超新星和活动星系核调节着恒星的形成，并将大量能量储存到星际气体中。我们将直接观测宇宙大爆炸后不到10亿年的星系，看看它们何时形成了第一批恒星，以及它们对周围环境的影响。我们甚至可以探测这些早期星系内部和周围的CO气体。我们将使用先进的高性能计算技术在宇宙学环境中模拟这些复杂的过程。我们将使用同样的技术来研究超新星遗迹中磁场的起源和宇宙射线的加速。我们建议利用我们的公民科学基础设施，从HST CANDELS调查中描述星系的特征，并寻找星系活动的原因。新的仪器将使我们能够将我们为本地星系开发的诊断应用于宇宙年龄只有现在一半时所看到的星系。通过研究最密集的星团和最快速形成恒星的尘埃星系中的星系，我们将探索星系演化对质量和当地邻居的依赖。我们的银河系应该对宇宙学施加一些最强烈的限制，但所有对它的观测都受到我们在其中的位置的强烈偏见。我们将绘制银河系中灭绝的三维分布，并开发我们银河系的新动力学模型。目前，我们的模型受到地面调查数据的限制，但我们的工作将用于解释来自欧空局盖亚卫星的数据。天文学家已经发现了几百个行星系统。一种技术是寻找极小但有规律的亮度下降，这表明有行星遮挡恒星发出的光。通过发展先进的分析技术，我们建议利用这些“凌日”不仅可以发现新的行星——包括类似地球的行星——还可以研究它们的大气结构和组成。通过对辐射穿过行星大气层的过程进行仔细的建模，我们将严格检验这些结论的有效性，并协助设计未来的实验。太阳系巨行星的大气呈现出表面特征、带状和起源不明的气旋斑点，此外，气态巨行星和冰态巨行星之间的区别仍有待了解。我们打算将使用高性能计算的建模应用于行星任务的结果，以研究支撑这些现象的物理机制。最后，我们试图通过比较光谱学和建模来了解最近的天体月球的表面组成。

项目成果

Constraining thermal dust emission in distant galaxies with number counts and angular power spectra

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stt1703
• 发表时间: 2012-10
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: G. Addison;G. Addison;J. Dunkley;J. Bond

Robust, open-source removal of systematics in Kepler data

稳健、开源地去除开普勒数据中的系统学

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1706.03064
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Aigrain S

Combining VPL tools with NEMESIS to Probe Hot Jupiter Exoclimes for JWST

将 VPL 工具与 NEMESIS 相结合，为 JWST 探测热木星外气候

• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #228
• 作者: Afrin Badhan Mahmuda

Deciphering the Hot Giant Atmospheres Orbiting Nearby Extrasolar Systems with JWST

利用 JWST 破译围绕太阳系外系统附近运行的炽热巨型大气层

• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts #48
• 作者: Afrin Badhan Mahmuda

The Fifteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release of MaNGA-derived Quantities, Data Visualization Tools, and Stellar Library

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/aaf651
• 发表时间: 2018-12
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
• 作者: D. Aguado;Romina Ahumada;Andr'es Almeida;S. Anderson;B. Andrews;B. Anguiano;E. Ort́ız;A. Aragón-Sa