The Evolution of Mass and Light

质量和光的演化

• 批准号: ST/L004771/1
• 负责人: Simon Dye
• 金额: $ 56.4万
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FL004771%2F1
• 关键词: Evolution; Mass; Light

The fellowship programme is centred upon the Herschel Satellite's two largest imaging surveys. Using these, the programme will investigate two fundamental but poorly understood aspects of galaxy evolution. Herschel operates in an unexplored region of the electromagnetic spectrum (0.1-0.5 mm) where an incredible 50% of the Universe's radiation is emitted. The sources that dominate at these wavelengths are young dust enshrouded star forming galaxies that typically evade detection in the optical. A tantalisingly small fraction of these galaxies have been seen at other wavelengths from the ground comprising only a very bright distant subset. These rare galaxies are merely the tip of the iceberg, not representative of the whole population. Frustratingly, little is known about the evolution of these distant systems and their relationship with local galaxies because the underlying population bridging the huge void has not been detected. This is a vital missing piece of the galaxy formation puzzle that has proven a significant obstacle. Herschel is satisfying a long awaited demand for a sensitive, high resolution facility to rapidly survey the sky in the sub-millimetre and finally detect a significant proportion of this elusive population.The first part of the programme exploits the fact that the sub-millimetre is extraordinarily well suited to detecting gravitational lenses. The Herschel survey data will contain around 500 new strong lens systems out to a distance looking back over two thirds of the Universe's age. The first milestone is to identify and characterise galaxies acting as lenses to produce the largest and most distant sample to date. Secondly, applying a powerful reconstruction technique developed by the author to the lenses to measure mass profiles, the morphology of the baryons and the dark matter will be measured (in some cases separately) to investigate their evolution over the last 70% of the Universe's history. This is an exceptional opportunity to constrain models of structure formation in a way that has not been feasible until now.Lensing also magnifies the flux of background objects above the detection threshold. Therefore, in addition to studying the evolution of the lenses themselves, the sample will be used to probe the population of dusty sources fainter than the survey sensitivity. Furthermore, using the aforementioned reconstruction technique, highly magnified undistorted surface brightness maps of each source will be computed to analyse in detail the morphology of the faint (and therefore generally more distant) dusty sources. Finally, the lens sample will place the most restrictive lensing limits on the cosmological model to date in a way that is complementary to other methods.The second part of the fellowship programme will apply a new method for optimally measuring the evolution in luminosity of the hundreds of thousands of new Herschel sources detected. This will be combined with the framework established over several years by the author to finally provide a definitive study of the link between local systems and the dusty star forming galaxies that prevailed when the Universe was only 40% of its current age. Specifically, this involves measuring the growth of stellar mass and evolution of star formation in sub-millimetre galaxies (using another new method developed for reconstructing star formation histories) and measuring their transformation into other galaxy types as they evolve.In terms of scale and viability of the programme, the Herschel data account for an impressive 1500 hours of observations over 700 square degrees of sky. This reflects a large investment from the UK astronomical community and one which must be justified by maximising scientific exploitation and impact.

研究金方案以赫歇尔卫星的两次最大成像调查为中心。利用这些数据，该项目将研究星系演化的两个基本但鲜为人知的方面。赫歇尔望远镜工作在电磁波谱（0.1-0.5毫米）的一个未被探索的区域，令人难以置信的是，宇宙辐射的50%都是在这个区域发射的。在这些波长上占主导地位的是年轻的尘埃，这些尘埃被恒星形成的星系包裹着，通常会逃避光学探测。这些星系中只有一小部分在地面的其他波长上被观测到，其中只有一个非常明亮的遥远的子集。这些罕见的星系仅仅是冰山一角，并不能代表整个星系。令人沮丧的是，人们对这些遥远星系的演化以及它们与当地星系的关系知之甚少，因为还没有发现连接巨大空洞的潜在星系群。这是星系形成之谜中缺失的一个重要部分，已被证明是一个重大障碍。赫歇尔满足了人们期待已久的需求，人们需要一个灵敏、高分辨率的设备，以亚毫米级的速度快速探测天空，最终探测到这一难以捉摸的种群的很大一部分。该计划的第一部分利用了亚毫米非常适合探测引力透镜的事实。赫歇尔的调查数据将包含大约500个新的强透镜系统，可以追溯到宇宙年龄的三分之二以上。第一个里程碑是识别和描述充当透镜的星系，从而产生迄今为止最大、最遥远的样本。其次，将作者开发的一种强大的重建技术应用于透镜来测量质量剖面，重子和暗物质的形态将被测量（在某些情况下是分开的），以研究它们在过去70%的宇宙历史中的演变。这是一个难得的机会，以一种迄今为止还不可行的方式来约束结构形成模型。透镜效应还放大了高于检测阈值的背景物体的通量。因此，除了研究透镜本身的演化外，该样本还将用于探测比调查灵敏度更暗的尘埃源群。此外，使用上述重建技术，将计算每个源的高度放大的未失真表面亮度图，以详细分析微弱（因此通常更远）尘埃源的形态。最后，透镜样本将以一种与其他方法互补的方式，对迄今为止的宇宙学模型施加最严格的透镜限制。该研究计划的第二部分将应用一种新方法，以最佳方式测量数十万个新探测到的赫歇尔源的光度演变。这将与作者几年来建立的框架相结合，最终提供一个关于局部系统和尘埃恒星形成星系之间联系的明确研究，这些星系在宇宙只有当前年龄的40%时盛行。具体来说，这包括测量亚毫米星系中恒星质量的增长和恒星形成的演化（使用另一种用于重建恒星形成历史的新方法），并测量它们在演化过程中向其他星系类型的转变。就该计划的规模和可行性而言，赫歇尔数据在700平方度的天空中进行了令人印象深刻的1500小时观测。这反映了英国天文学界的巨大投资，必须通过最大化科学开发和影响来证明这一投资是合理的。

项目成果

Dust energy balance study of two edge-on spiral galaxies in the Herschel-ATLAS survey

赫歇尔-阿特拉斯巡天中两个边缘螺旋星系的尘埃能量平衡研究

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv1104
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: De Geyter G

Close-up view of a luminous star-forming galaxy at z = 2.95

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039743
• 发表时间: 2020-12
• 期刊: Astronomy & Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: S. Berta;A. Young;P. Cox;R. Neri;B. M. Jones;A. Baker;A. Omont;L. Dunne;A. Rosell;L. Marchetti;M. Negrello;C. Yang;D. Riechers;H. Dannerbauer;I. Pérez-Fournon;P. Werf;T. Bakx;R. Ivison;A. Beelen;V. Buat;A. Cooray;I. Cortzen;S. Dye;S. Eales;R. Gavazzi;A. Harris;C. Herrera;D. Hughes;S. Jin;M. Krips;G. Lagache;M. Lehnert;H. Messias;S. Serjeant;F. Stanley;S. Urquhart;C. Vlahakis;A. Weiss

Revealing the complex nature of the strong gravitationally lensed system H-ATLAS J090311.6+003906 using ALMA

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv1442
• 发表时间: 2015-03
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: S. Dye;C. Furlanetto;A. M. Swinbank;C. Vlahakis;J. Nightingale;L. Dunne;S. Eales;I. Smail;I. Oteo-Gomez;T. Hunter;M. Negrello;H. Dannerbauer;R. Ivison;R. Gavazzi;A. Cooray;P. Werf

[N ii] Fine-structure Emission at 122 and 205 µm in a Galaxy at z = 2.6: A Globally Dense Star-forming Interstellar Medium

[N ii] z = 2.6 的星系中 122 和 205 µm 的精细结构发射：全球致密的恒星形成星际介质

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abc5b9
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Doherty M

ALMA observations of lensed Herschel sources: testing the dark matter halo paradigm

ALMA 对赫歇尔透镜源的观测：测试暗物质晕范式

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty138
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Amvrosiadis A