Astronomy at St Andrews 2015-2018

圣安德鲁斯天文学 2015-2018

• 批准号: ST/M001296/1
• 负责人: Moira Jardine
• 金额: $ 173.24万
• 依托单位: University of St Andrews
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FM001296%2F1
• 关键词: Astronomy; St; Andrews; 2015; 2018

The St Andrews astronomy group is interested in questions of origins: where do galaxies, stars and planets come from, and what fundamental physics explains their formation? We are world leaders in solving intricate mathematical problems, and we use novel methods such as observations at very high precision and simulations with super-computers. We are joined by other groups across Scotland via the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), and internationally, in searching for hot and cool Earth-sized planets, homing in on habitable worlds where life could exist.Our research spans a wide range of size scales, from discovering planetary systems around stars a few light years away to measuring the force of gravity acting on the whole universe. We discover `hot Jupiters' by using robotic wide-angle cameras that monitor thousands of stars to find those that briefly dim each time an orbiting planet passes in front of its parent star. We discover cooler and smaller more Earth-like planets, using robotic telescopes to watch gravitational lenses, exploiting Einstein's prediction that a planet drifting across the sightline to a distant background star bends its light. We learn about how planets form by looking at the radiation from dust grains and pebbles, which are either in the process of forming planets or, like our comets, remnants of the planet forming process.Young stars have strong magnetic fields that interact with orbiting planets and their own magnetic fields. We study the signatures of thisinteraction to understand how planets form and evolve. We investigate the physics of mineral clouds and lightning in atmospheres of cool brown dwarf stars and extrasolar planets, processes altering our view of planetary systems and help us understand dust and lightning in volcanic eruptions on Earth. We use observations and numerical simulations to study how stars form in galaxies and how feedback from young stars drives a dynamic, bubbling interstellar medium, the dusty gas from which new stars are born. We include energetic supernova explosions when massive stars die and the ionising radiation from massive stars that heats the gas in the galaxy to temperatures above than 10,000 degrees Centigrade.On cosmological scales, we conduct large scale galaxy surveys to study how their structure emerges, forming their characteristic shapes of flat discs, spiral arms and central bulges. We study the central engines of galaxies, the supermassive black holes that lurk in their hearts, to understand how they grow and how they affect the host galaxy evolution. We study how gravity works both in galaxies and in the universe. Stars orbit in galaxies so fast that there appears to be too little mass to hold the galaxies together. On larger scales, our expanding universe is accelerating. We understand gravity on small scales, well enough to send space probes to other planets, but these puzzles challenge our understanding of gravity on the larger scales of galaxies and beyond. We investigate alternatives to current ideas of Dark Matter and Dark Energy, comparing our predictions with observations to test how gravity works.Thus we address all four of the STFC Science Roadmap Challenges: How did the Universe begin and how is it evolving? How do stars and planetary systems develop and is life unique to our planet? What are the fundamental constituents and fabric of the universe and how do they interact? How can we explore and understand the extremes of the universe? What are the laws of physics in extreme conditions? How do galaxies, stars and planets form and evolve? Are we alone in the Universe? We exploit major international and space observatories (ALMA, APEX, ASKAP, e-MERLIN, CFHT, ESO, CHARA, HARPS, HST, Gaia, Herschel, JCMT, Kepler, LCOGT, SMA, SOFIA, Suzaku, Swift, Spitzer, VLA, XMM) and future facilities including EUCLID, JWST, SKA, and PLATO.

圣安德鲁斯天文学小组对起源的问题很感兴趣：星系、恒星和行星从哪里来，以及什么基本物理学可以解释它们的形成？我们在解决复杂的数学问题方面处于世界领先地位，我们使用新的方法，如非常高精度的观测和超级计算机模拟。我们通过苏格兰大学物理联盟(SUPA)与苏格兰各地的其他小组一起，以及在国际上，寻找地球大小的热的和冷的行星，寻找可能存在生命的宜居世界。我们的研究跨越了广泛的大小范围，从发现几光年外的恒星周围的行星系统到测量作用于整个宇宙的引力。我们发现“热木星”的方法是使用机器人广角摄像机来监视数千颗恒星，以找出每当一颗绕轨道运行的行星从其母恒星前面经过时，那些短暂变暗的恒星。我们使用机器人望远镜观察引力透镜，利用爱因斯坦的预测，发现了更凉爽、更小的更类似地球的行星。爱因斯坦预测，一颗漂移到视线上的行星会弯曲其光线。我们通过观察尘埃颗粒和鹅卵石的辐射来了解行星是如何形成的，尘埃颗粒和鹅卵石要么处于形成行星的过程中，要么像我们的彗星一样，是行星形成过程中的残留物。年轻的恒星具有与轨道行星相互作用的强磁场和它们自己的磁场。我们研究这种相互作用的特征，以了解行星是如何形成和演化的。我们研究凉爽的棕矮星和太阳系外行星大气中矿物云和闪电的物理学，这些过程改变了我们对行星系统的看法，并帮助我们了解地球火山喷发中的尘埃和闪电。我们使用观测和数值模拟来研究恒星是如何在星系中形成的，以及年轻恒星的反馈如何驱动一种动态的、起泡的星际介质，即产生新恒星的尘埃气体。我们包括当大质量恒星死亡时发生的高能超新星爆炸，以及来自大质量恒星的电离辐射，这些辐射将星系中的气体加热到超过10,000摄氏度。在宇宙尺度上，我们进行大规模的星系调查，研究它们的结构是如何出现的，形成它们特有的平盘、旋臂和中央凸起形状。我们研究星系的中央引擎，即潜伏在星系中心的超大质量黑洞，以了解它们是如何生长的，以及它们如何影响宿主星系的演化。我们研究引力如何在星系和宇宙中发挥作用。恒星在星系中的运行速度如此之快，以至于质量似乎太小，无法将星系聚集在一起。在更大的尺度上，我们膨胀的宇宙正在加速。我们在小尺度上理解引力，足以向其他行星发射太空探测器，但这些谜题挑战了我们对星系乃至更大尺度上的引力的理解。我们研究当前暗物质和暗能量概念的替代方案，将我们的预测与观测进行比较，以测试引力是如何工作的。因此，我们解决了STFC科学路线图的所有四个挑战：宇宙是如何开始的，它是如何演化的？恒星和行星系统是如何发展的，生命是我们星球独有的吗？宇宙的基本成分和结构是什么，它们是如何相互作用的？我们怎样才能探索和理解宇宙的极端呢？极端条件下的物理定律是什么？星系、恒星和行星是如何形成和演化的？我们在宇宙中是孤独的吗？我们利用主要的国际和空间观测站(ALMA、APEX、ASKAP、e-Merlin、CFHT、ESO、CHARA、HARPS、HST、GAIA、Herschel、JCMT、开普勒、LCOGT、SMA、索非亚、Suzaku、SWIFT、Spitzer、VLA、XMM)和未来的设施，包括欧几里德、JWST、SKA和柏拉图。

项目成果

First Assessment of the Binary Lens OGLE-2015-BLG-0232

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaedb9
• 发表时间: 2018-11
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: E. Bachelet;V. Bozza;C. Han;A. Udalski;I. Bond;J. Beaulieu;J. Beaulieu;R. Street;Hyosun Kim;D. Bramich;A. Cassan;M. Dominik;R. Jaimes;R. Jaimes;R. Jaimes;K. Horne;M. Hundertmark;M. Hundertmark;S. Mao;J. Menzies;C. Ranc;R. Schmidt;C. Snodgrass;I. Steele;Y. Tsapras;J. Wambsganss;P. Mróz;I. Soszyński;M. Szymański;J. Skowron;P. Pietrukowicz;S. Kozłowski;R. Poleski;K. Ulaczyk;M. Pawlak;F. Abe;R. Barry;D. Bennett;D. Bennett;A. Bhattacharya;A. Bhattacharya;M. Donachie;A. Fukui;A. Fukui;Y. Hirao;Y. Itow;K. Kawasaki;I. Kondo;N. Koshimoto;M. Li;Y. Matsubara;Y. Muraki;Sei Miyazaki;M. Nagakane;N. Rattenbury;H. Suematsu;D. Sullivan;T. Sumi;D. Suzuki;P. Tristram;A. Yonehara

Precise masses for the transiting planetary system HD 106315 with HARPS

带有 HARPS 的凌日行星系统 HD 106315 的精确质量

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201731276
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Astronomy & Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Barros S

Detection of the tidal deformation of WASP-103b at $3\,s$ with CHEOPS

使用 CHEOPS 检测 $3,s$ 处 WASP-103b 的潮汐变形

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2201.03328
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Barros S

The discoveries of WASP-91b, WASP-105b and WASP-107b: two warm Jupiters and a planet in the transition region between ice giants and gas giants

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201730439
• 发表时间: 2017-01
• 期刊: arXiv: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
• 作者: D. Anderson;A. Cameron;L. Delrez;A. Doyle;M. Gillon;C. Hellier;E. Jehin;M. Lendl;P. Maxted;N. Madhusudhan;F. Pepe;D. Pollacco;D. Queloz;D. Ségransan;B. Smalley;Alexis M. S. Smith;A. Triaud;O. Turner;S. Udry;R. West

Detection of the tidal deformation of WASP-103b at 3 s with CHEOPS

利用 CHEOPS 检测 WASP-103b 3 s 时的潮汐变形

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202142196
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Astronomy & Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Barros S