ASTUnderstanding cosmological probes: constraining the progenitors and diversity of Type Ia supernovae

AST 理解宇宙学探测器：限制 Ia 型超新星的起源和多样性

• 批准号: ST/M005348/1
• 负责人: Kate Maguire
• 金额: $ 53.08万
• 依托单位: Queen's University Belfast
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FM005348%2F1
• 关键词: ASTUnderstanding; cosmological; probes; constraining; progenitors

One of the fundamental questions that exists about our Universe is what is this 'dark energy' that we now know makes up greater than 70% of the mass-energy of the Universe? The discovery of this mysterious quantity at the end of the last century from measurements of distant exploding stars was completely unexpected. Until then, it was assumed that the expansion of the Universe would be slowing down due to gravitational attraction but instead it was found to be accelerating, invoking the presence of 'dark energy' that is acting against gravity to push the Universe apart! There are many theoretical predictions for the origin of dark energy (Einstein's 'cosmological constant'? new exotic physics? alterations to general relativity?) but current measurements cannot yet distinguish between them.The most successful and mature probe of the origin of dark energy to date is measurements of distant exploding stars (supernovae). The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to two groups who made measurements of distant supernovae and discovered the accelerating Universe. Current and future state-of-the-art telescopes and surveys (e.g. Dark Energy Survey, the European Space Agency mission, Euclid and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) are being designed to constrain theories of dark energy using larger supernova samples. However, to distinguish between these theories of dark energy, it is also very important to understand the supernovae themselves. This is the aim of my Ernest Rutherford research proposal.I will do this using observations of Type Ia supernovae, which are the luminous stellar deaths of accreting white dwarfs (small, dense stars) in binary systems. I will investigate, 'is there more than one way to make a Type Ia supernovae?', 'how do they explode?' and 'how do the properties of the galaxies within which they explode affect their properties?'I will analyse data coming from many telescopes, including one of the world's largest telescopes, the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile, to understand if there is more than one way to explode a star and produce a Type Ia supernova. I will use advanced analysis techniques on these data, in collaboration with the UK's leading supernova theorists to uncover how exactly these stars explode. This will allow us to refine current and future supernova samples to make improved dark-energy measurements.I will also investigate the properties of the distant galaxies in which the supernovae explode. Type Ia supernovae can occur in many different types of galaxies, from spiral galaxies like our Milky Way to small dwarf galaxies that are barely visible with even the most powerful telescopes. I will investigate how the properties of the supernovae such as brightness, the presence of different atomic elements and the energy released depend on the properties of the galaxy within which they explode. I have previously shown that the properties of Type Ia supernovae change depending on the amount of heavy elements present in their host galaxies. Now it is important to understand the cause of this diversity and how it might vary throughout the Universe. If Type Ia supernovae look very different at different distances in the Universe this would affect the dark-energy measurements made with them. As an Ernest Rutherford fellow, I will be in the unique position to progress from past measurements of dark energy, by significantly improving our understanding of SN Ia physics and cosmology. I will build on my extensive experience in this field and help future surveys reveal what is this mysterious quantity that makes up greater than 70% of our Universe.

关于我们宇宙的基本问题之一是我们现在知道的“黑暗能量”是什么是宇宙质量能量的70％？在上个世纪末，由于遥远的爆炸恒星的测量，发现了这个神秘数量的数量，这是完全出乎意料的。在此之前，假定由于引力吸引力，宇宙的膨胀将放慢速度，但发现它正在加速，唤起了“暗能”的存在，而“暗能”的存在反对重力将宇宙拆开！关于暗能量的起源有许多理论上的预测（爱因斯坦的“宇宙常数”？新的奇特物理学？对一般相对性的改变？），但是当前的测量结果尚未区分它们。迄今为止，深色能量起源的最成功和最成熟的探测是迄今为止的远距离爆炸星（Supernovae）。 2011年诺贝尔物理学奖授予了两组对遥远的超新星进行测量并发现加速宇宙的小组。当前和未来的最先进的望远镜和调查（例如，黑暗能源调查，欧洲航天局任务，欧几里得和大型概要调查望远镜）的设计旨在使用较大的超新星样品来限制黑暗能源的理论。但是，为了区分这些黑能理论，了解超新星本身也非常重要。这是我的欧内斯特·卢瑟福研究提案的目的。我将使用IA型超新星的观察来做到这一点，这是在二进制系统中积聚白矮人（小，密集的恒星）的发光恒星死亡。我会调查“有没有多种制作IA类超新星的方法？”，“它们如何爆炸？” “它们爆炸的星系的特性如何影响其特性？”我将分析来自许多望远镜的数据，包括智利欧洲南部天文台非常大的望远镜（VLT），其中包括世界上最大的望远镜之一（VLT），以了解是否有多种方式来探索一颗星星和类型的IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA。我将与英国领先的超新星理论家合作使用高级分析技术，以发现这些恒星的爆炸方式。这将使我们能够完善当前和未来的超新星样品，以改进深色能源测量。我还将研究超新星爆炸的遥远星系的特性。 IA型超新星可以在许多不同类型的星系中发生，从我们的银河系等螺旋星系到几乎看不到最强大的望远镜的小矮星系。我将研究超新星的特性，例如亮度，不同的原子元素的存在以及释放的能量取决于它们爆炸的星系的性质。我先前已经表明，IA型超新星的性质会根据其宿主星系中存在的重元素数量而变化。现在，重要的是要了解这种多样性的原因及其在整个宇宙中的变化。如果IA型超新星在宇宙的不同距离上看起来非常不同，这将影响它们所做的黑暗能量测量。作为欧内斯特·卢瑟福（Ernest Rutherford）的研究员，我将通过显着提高我们对SN IA物理学和宇宙学的理解来从过去的测量中进行独特的立场。我将基于我在这一领域的丰富经验，并帮助未来的调查揭示占我们宇宙70％以上的神秘数量。

项目成果

The evolution of superluminous supernova LSQ14mo and its interacting host galaxy system

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201630163
• 发表时间: 2016-11
• 期刊: Astronomy and Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: T. W. Chen;T. W. Chen;M. Nicholl;S. Smartt;P. Mazzali;P. Mazzali;R. Yates;T. Moriya;C. Inserra;N. Langer;T. Krühler;Yen-Chen Pan;R. Kotak;L. Galbany;P. Schady;P. Wiseman;J. Greiner;S. Schulze;Allison Man;A. Jerkstrand;K. Smith;M. Dennefeld;C. Baltay;J. Bolmer;J. Bolmer;E. Kankare;F. Knust;K. Maguire;D. Rabinowitz;S. Rostami;Mark Sullivan;D. Young

LSQ13ddu: A rapidly-evolving stripped-envelope supernova with early circumstellar interaction signatures

LSQ13ddu：一颗快速演化的剥离包层超新星，具有早期星周相互作用特征

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1912.05986
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Clark P

Early observations of the nearby Type Ia supernova SN 2015F

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw2678
• 发表时间: 2016-09
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: R. Cartier;M. Sullivan;R. Firth;G. Pignata;P. Mazzali;P. Mazzali;K. Maguire;M. Childress;I. Arcavi;I. Arcavi;C. Ashall;B. Bassett;B. Bassett;S. Crawford;C. Frohmaier;L. Galbany;A. Gal-yam;G. Hosseinzadeh;G. Hosseinzadeh;D. Howell;D. Howell;C. Inserra;J. Johansson;E. Kasai;C. McCully;C. McCully;S. Prajs;S. Prentice;S. Schulze;S. Schulze;S. Smartt;K. Smith;Mathew Smith;S. Valenti;S. Valenti;D. Young

LSQ14efd: observations of the cooling of a shock break-out event in a type Ic Supernova

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx1709
• 发表时间: 2017-07
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: C. Barbarino;M. Botticella;M. Dall’ora;M. Valle;S. Benetti;J. Lyman;S. Smartt;I. Arcavi;C. Baltay;D. Bersier;M. Dennefeld;N. Ellman;M. Fraser;A. Gal-Yam;G. Hosseinzadeh;D. Howell;C. Inserra;E. Kankare;G. Leloudas;K. Maguire;C. McCully;A. Mitra;R. McKinnon;E. F.Olivares;G. Pignata;D. Rabinowitz;S. Rostami;K. Smith;M. Sullivan;S. Valenti;O. Yaron;D. Young

ASASSN-15pz: Revealing Significant Photometric Diversity among 2009dc-like, Peculiar SNe Ia *

ASASSN-15pz：揭示类似 2009dc 的特殊超新星 Ia 之间显着的光度多样性*

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2630
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Chen P