Solar System Planetary Science at Oxford 2016-2019

牛津太阳系行星科学 2016-2019

• 批准号: ST/N00082X/1
• 负责人: Patrick Irwin
• 金额: $ 46万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FN00082X%2F1
• 关键词: Solar; System; Planetary; Science; Oxford

This proposal in planetary physics ranges from studying the atmospheres of the Giant Planets through to studying the reflectance and thermal properties of airless bodies such as asteroids, which are the primary ways in which these bodies can be studied. The programme outlines a coordinated effort to: 1) measure and understand the fluid circulations, cloud condensation and photochemistry in giant planet atmospheres, both within the Solar System and beyond; and 2) measure and interpret the spectra of airless planetary bodies to better understand their origins, composition and soil structure. We have four main projects that are complementary.1. The first project explores the dynamic atmospheres of Ice Giants, Uranus and Neptune, by studying seasonal changes during a period when Uranus is changing rapidly following its Northern Spring Equinox in 2007, and comparing its atmosphere with the dynamic, turbulent atmosphere of Uranus' sister planet, Neptune. A key part of our study is to understand the generation and evolution of convective storm clouds now regularly seen on both planets. We will improve the retrieval techniques used to interpret such data and couple these with other information, such as models of cloud condensation, to yield more self-consistent solutions. By exploring the thermal balance in these atmospheres we will look for imbalances that might reveal the details of dynamical or condensation processes. This project has overlap with Projects 3 and 4.2. Our second project builds on our world-class laboratory measurement programme to understand planetary, asteroid and comet surfaces. We will determine the ways in which visible and infrared light is both emitted and reflected by different surfaces, under conditions equivalent to those in space with extreme variations of solar heating. These data will be crucial to interpret observations made by NASA's OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample return mission, an ongoing lunar programme, and the Jovian satellite component of Project 3.3. Our third project explores the interconnections in giant planet systems and builds upon our existing participation with the NASA Cassini mission. It will help us better understand the atmospheric processes linking the interior circulation of Jupiter and Saturn with the weather layer and upper atmosphere of these planets and also to develop techniques to explore environmental conditions on Jupiter's satellites, preparing the way for future observations with NASA's JWST and ESA's JUICE mission. In particular we seek to map Jupiter's evolving atmosphere with ground-based observations in support of the NASA Juno mission to Jupiter (2016-2017). This project will use some of the same tools developed in Project 1 and interpretation of the observations will be aided by the work described in Projects 2 and 4.4. Our final project examines the atmospheric dynamics of Gas and Ice Giant planets by improving the dynamical modelling of the atmospheric circulation of the Gas Giants (Jupiter and Saturn) and also, in particular, the Ice Giants (Uranus and Neptune). This will help us better understand how the wind structure of these planets is formed and maintained and also determine the role played by clouds and convection driven by condensation of atmospheric water vapour in their climates. This work will help interpret the observations described in Projects 1 and 3.

行星物理学中的这一提议范围从研究巨行星的大气层到研究小行星等无空气天体的反射率和热特性，这是研究这些天体的主要方法。该方案概述了一项协调努力，以：1）测量和了解太阳系内外巨大行星大气中的流体循环、云凝结和光化学; 2）测量和解释无空气行星体的光谱，以更好地了解其起源、组成和土壤结构。我们有四个主要项目是互补的。1.第一个项目探索冰巨人，天王星和海王星的动态大气，通过研究天王星在2007年北方春分后迅速变化期间的季节变化，并将其大气与天王星的姐妹行星海王星的动态，湍流大气进行比较。我们研究的一个关键部分是了解现在在这两个行星上经常看到的对流风暴云的生成和演变。我们将改进用于解释这些数据的检索技术，并将其与其他信息（如云凝结模型）结合起来，以产生更自洽的解决方案。通过探索这些大气中的热平衡，我们将寻找可能揭示动力学或冷凝过程细节的不平衡。该项目与项目3和4.2重叠。我们的第二个项目建立在我们世界一流的实验室测量计划的基础上，以了解行星、小行星和彗星表面。我们将确定可见光和红外光是如何被不同的表面发射和反射的，条件相当于那些在太空中的太阳能加热的极端变化。这些数据对于解释美国宇航局的OSIRIS-REx小行星样本返回使命（一项正在进行的月球计划）和3.3项目的木星卫星组成部分所作的观测至关重要。我们的第三个项目探讨了巨大行星系统的相互联系，并建立在我们目前参与美国宇航局卡西尼号使命的基础上。它将帮助我们更好地了解将木星和土星的内部环流与这些行星的天气层和高层大气联系起来的大气过程，并开发技术来探索木星卫星上的环境条件，为NASA的JWST和ESA的JUICE使命的未来观测铺平道路。特别是，我们试图用地面观测来绘制木星不断变化的大气层，以支持NASA朱诺号木星使命（2016-2017）。本项目将使用项目1中开发的一些相同工具，项目2和4.4中描述的工作将有助于解释观测结果。我们的最后一个项目通过改进气体巨人（木星和土星）以及特别是冰巨人（天王星和海王星）的大气环流的动力学模型来研究气体和冰巨人行星的大气动力学。这将帮助我们更好地了解这些行星的风结构是如何形成和维持的，并确定大气水蒸气凝结驱动的云和对流在其气候中所发挥的作用。这项工作将有助于解释项目1和项目3中描述的观察结果。

项目成果

Miniaturized Radiometer for an Ice Giants mission for haze and cloud characterization

用于冰巨人任务的微型辐射计，用于雾霾和云表征

• DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu23-12413
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Apéstigue V

A novel radiometer for clouds investigations in future Venus aerobot missions

一种新型辐射计，用于未来金星飞行器任务中的云层调查

• DOI: 10.5194/epsc2022-662
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Apestigue V

Temporal variations in vertical haze distribution of Jupiter’s Great Red Spot and its surroundings from HST/WFC3 imaging & dynamical interactions with incoming vortices in 2021

木星垂直雾霾分布的时间变化

• DOI: 10.5194/epsc2021-271
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Anguiano-Arteaga A

Temporal Variations in Vertical Cloud Structure of Jupiter's Great Red Spot, Its Surroundings and Oval BA From HST/WFC3 Imaging

HST/WFC3 成像中木星大红斑及其周围环境和椭圆 BA 垂直云结构的时间变化

• DOI: 10.1029/2022je007427
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Planets
• 作者: Anguiano-Arteaga A

Temporal variations in spectral reflectivity and vertical cloud structure of Jupiter’s Great Red Spot and its surroundings

木星光谱反射率和垂直云结构的时间变化

• DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5454
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Anguiano-Arteaga A