GENERAL SLOWING IN LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT: DOES IT EXIST?

语言障碍普遍减缓：是否存在？

• 批准号: 6379547
• 负责人: JENNIFER A WINDSOR
• 金额: $ 16.52万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-06-01 至 2003-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6379547
• 关键词: academic achievement; child (0-11); clinical research; cognition; human subject; language disorders; neural information processing; perception; performance; psychomotor function

There is a large population of children with language impairments (LI) who are at risk for academic and social failure. While children with LI show most difficulty with grammar, they also show limitations in other aspects of language and show subtle cognitive and perceptual-motor problems. To explain this breadth of difficulties, current research has focused on the idea that children with LI have more limited information-processing capacities than other children of the same chronological age. Because they have more limited capacities, the task performance of children with LI is more vulnerable to competing resource demands. When resources are strained, task performance is impaired. This idea is intuitively appealing because of its possible explanatory power and has received widespread attention. However, it has received little systematic examination. Moreover, the methods used to explore limited processing accounts have not been evaluated critically. The long-term goal is to clarify the processing skills of children with LI. The aim of the proposed project is to test a central hypothesis of limited processing capacity accounts, the generalized slowing hypothesis. In its strongest form, the hypothesis states that children with LI are proportionally slower to complete language, cognitive, and perceptual-motor tasks compared to age-matched children. Regardless of specific task characteristics, the processing speed of children with LI should increase linearly across tasks as a simple multiplicative function of the processing speed of age-matched peers. The hypothesis is tested in three studies that provide converging evidence about the hypothesis and indicate predictors of relative processing speed for children with LI. One hundred children with and without LI participate in 32 experimental tasks that vary task complexity systematically. It is anticipated that generalized slowing will be apparent for children with LI, but that there will be different slowing rates in the language, cognitive, and perceptual-motor domains. Project results will inform theoretical approaches to LI and thus facilitate more effective assessment and intervention strategies for children with LI.

有语言障碍的儿童人数很多 (LI)他们有可能在学业和社交上失败。 当患有LI的儿童 他们在语法上表现出最大困难，但在其他方面也表现出局限性 表现出微妙的认知和知觉运动问题。 到 解释这种困难的广度，目前的研究集中在这个想法， LI儿童的信息处理能力比LI儿童更有限， 其他同龄的孩子。 因为他们有更有限的 能力，LI儿童的任务表现更容易受到 竞争性资源需求。 当资源紧张时， 受损 这个想法直观上很吸引人，因为它可能 解释力，受到了广泛的关注。 但却 很少进行系统的检查。 此外，用于探索的方法 有限的处理帐户没有得到严格的评价。 长期 目的是阐明LI儿童的加工技能。 的目的 拟议的项目是测试有限的处理能力的中心假设 广义减速假说 在其最强的形式， 一个假设指出，患有LI的儿童完成学业的速度相对较慢， 语言、认知和知觉运动任务与年龄匹配的 孩子 不管具体任务的特征如何， LI儿童应在任务中线性增加， 年龄匹配的对等体的处理速度的乘法函数。 的 三项研究对这一假设进行了检验，这些研究提供了关于 相对加工速度的假设和预测指标 孩子与李。 100名有和没有LI的儿童参加了32个 系统地改变任务复杂性的实验任务。 预计 对于LI儿童来说，普遍的迟缓将是明显的，但是， 在语言、认知和 知觉运动域 项目结果将为理论方法提供信息 从而促进更有效的评估和干预战略 对于有LI的孩子。