Particles, Fields and Spacetime

粒子、场和时空

• 批准号: ST/P000371/1
• 负责人: Simon Ross
• 金额: $ 66.08万
• 依托单位: Durham University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FP000371%2F1
• 关键词: Particles; Fields; Spacetime

All matter in the universe and the fundamental forces apart from gravity appear to be well described by particle theories, in which the fundamental components of matter are pointlike particles, which interact by exchanging other kinds of particles. Quantum field theory is the mathematical language describing these particle theories; the particles describing forces are described by a class of theories called gauge theories. However, it appears we need to go beyond quantum field theory to include gravity. The leading candidate for this extension is string theory, which is based on the idea that the particles are actually one-dimensional loops of string, with the interactions described by smooth surfaces connecting different strings. One strand of our research is the development of new tools for computations in quantum field theory. In one line of research, it has been understood that certain gauge theories have additional previously unsuspected symmetries, which explain the mysterious simplicity of some computational results. This has been developed to obtain more efficient calculational techniques for increasingly general questions. In an independent line, a symmetry called conformal symmetry has been newly exploited to constrain the particle content and interactions of theories with this symmetry. We aim to develop these tools further and bring them together with the long-term goal of completely solving the simplest, most symmetric theories. We also have a broad programme of research on aspects of field theory far from the vacuum, including work on smooth classical solutions (solitons) and their moduli spaces, and special classes of field theories where the theory is completely solvable (integrable models). Work on string theory has led to the discovery that some quantum field theories can be related to string theories in a space with more dimensions; this is referred to as holography. Some difficult questions in the field theory can be mapped to simpler questions in the higher-dimensional space. This also provides a new perspective on string theory, which can be used to deepen our understanding of gravity. We are studying the application of these techniques to field theories used to study interesting new phases of matter, and we are exploring the role of intrinsically quantum mechanical features of the field theory in the emergence of the higher-dimensional geometry. Cosmology is the study of the very early universe. This has a long history of fruitful interaction with particle theory, and we are developing this further, relating new developments in field theory to cosmological observations. For example, we are studying the role of the Hiss boson recently discovered at CERN in cosmological evolution.

粒子理论似乎很好地描述了宇宙中除引力以外的所有物质和基本力，其中物质的基本成分是点状粒子，这些粒子通过交换其他类型的粒子而相互作用。量子场论是描述这些粒子理论的数学语言；描述力的粒子是由一类称为规范理论的理论来描述的。然而，我们似乎需要超越量子场论，才能将引力包括在内。这种扩展的主要候选者是弦理论，它基于这样的想法，即粒子实际上是一维的弦循环，通过连接不同弦的光滑表面来描述相互作用。我们研究的一个方面是开发用于量子场论计算的新工具。在一项研究中，人们已经了解到，某些规范理论具有额外的先前未被怀疑的对称性，这解释了一些计算结果的神秘简单性。这是为了对日益普遍的问题获得更有效的计算技术而开发的。在一条独立的直线上，一种称为共形对称的对称性被新利用来约束粒子内容和具有这种对称性的理论的相互作用。我们的目标是进一步开发这些工具，并将它们与完全解决最简单、最对称的理论的长期目标结合在一起。我们也有一个远离真空的场论方面的广泛研究计划，包括光滑经典解(孤子)及其模空间的工作，以及理论完全可解的特殊类型的场论(可积模型)。弦理论的研究发现，一些量子场论可以在更多维度的空间中与弦理论相关；这被称为全息术。场论中的一些难题可以映射成更高维空间中的更简单的问题。这也为弦理论提供了一个新的视角，可以用来加深我们对引力的理解。我们正在研究这些技术在场论中的应用，这些场论用于研究有趣的新物质相，我们正在探索场论的内在量子力学特征在高维几何的出现中的作用。宇宙学是对非常早期的宇宙的研究。这与粒子理论有着卓有成效的相互作用的悠久历史，我们正在进一步发展这一点，将场论的新发展与宇宙学观测联系起来。例如，我们正在研究最近在欧洲核子研究中心发现的希斯玻色子在宇宙进化中的作用。

项目成果

Towards the Virasoro-Shapiro Amplitude in AdS5xS5

AdS5xS5 中的 Virasoro-Shapiro 振幅

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2012.12091
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Abl T

Towards the Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude in AdS5×S5

AdS5àS5 中的 Virasoro-Shapiro 振幅

• DOI: 10.1007/jhep04(2021)237
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Abl T

Bubble nucleation at zero and nonzero temperatures

零和非零温度下的气泡成核

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.107.076027
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Gutierrez Abed M

Holographic Thermodynamics of Accelerating Black Holes

加速黑洞的全息热力学

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1805.02687
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Anabalon A

Recursion relations for anomalous dimensions in the 6d (2, 0) theory

6d (2, 0) 理论中反常维度的递归关系

• DOI: 10.1007/jhep04(2019)038
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Abl T