University of Sussex Astronomy Consolidated Grant 2017-2020

这项建议寻求资金，继续开展广泛的河外天体物理学和宇宙学研究方案，解决我们时代一些最紧迫的天文学问题，例如“宇宙的基本组成是什么？“，“暴胀和暗能量的本质是什么，被认为是宇宙早期和晚期加速膨胀的原因”，“什么过程控制着我们宇宙中最大物体和结构的形成？和“星系是如何形成和演化的”我们将通过将理论工作（其中大部分使用高性能计算机）与多波长观测调查相结合来做到这一点。我们将应用先进的技术进行数值预测，数据分析和建模，并通过一系列的国际项目部署我们的技能。该研究包括15个不同的，但相互关联的项目，每个项目涉及一个或多个教师和研究人员，可以收集到三个广泛的主题：早期和晚期宇宙宇宙学;银河系模拟和建模;星系和星系团观测和分析。早期和晚期宇宙宇宙学：一系列项目将解决理论预测和观测约束的通货膨胀，暗能量和大尺度结构。我们的工作包括理论框架的发展和尖端观测数据集的分析（包括普朗克卫星，暗能量调查，XMM-牛顿星团调查（XCS）和POLARBEAR-2实验）。星系模拟和建模：我们将使用千万亿次计算设备对第一批结构的形成和演化进行详细的研究，并进行统计预测，这些预测可用于开发新的和即将到来的观测设备，如JWST、欧几里得、LOFAR、阿尔马和SKA。星系和星系团观测：我们将利用多波长观测来回答有关星系形成和演化的各种问题。我们将继续利用我们在爱马仕、暗能量调查、星系和质量大会调查以及XCS中的参与。特别是，我们将开发一套新的先进工具，用于分析这些项目以及詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜等即将到来的设施的观测结果。

This proposal seeks funds to continue an extensive programme of research into extragalactic astrophysics and cosmology, by addressing some of the most pressing astronomical questions of our time, such as "What are the fundamental constituents of the Universe?", "What is the nature of inflation and dark energy, believed to drive accelerated expansion in the early and late universe", "What processes govern the formation of the largest objects and structure in our universe?, and "How do galaxies form and evolve"? We will do this by combining theoretical work, much of it using high-performance computers, with multi-wavelength observational surveys. We will apply advanced techniques for making numerical predictions, data analysis and modelling, and deploy our skills through a series of international projects.The research consists of fifteen varied but interconnected projects, each involving one or more faculty members and researchers, that can be collected into three broad themes: Early and late universe cosmology; Galaxy simulation and modelling; Galaxy and cluster observations and analysis. In summary:Early and late universe cosmology: a series of projects will address theoretical predictions and observational constraints on inflation, dark energy and large scale structure. Our work encompasses both the development of theoretical frameworks and the analysis of cutting edge observational datasets (including the Planck satellite, the Dark Energy Survey, the XMM-Newton Cluster Survey (XCS), and the POLARBEAR-2 experiment). Galaxy simulation and modelling: we will use Peta-scale computing facilities to carry out detailed studies of the formation and evolution of the first structures, and make statistical predictions that can be used in the exploitation of new and upcoming observational facilities such as JWST, Euclid, LOFAR, ALMA, and SKA.Galaxy and cluster observations: we will make use of multi-wavelength observations to answer a variety of questions concerning the formation and evolution of galaxies. We will continue to exploit our involvement in HerMES, the Dark Energy Survey, the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey, and XCS. In particular we will develop a new set of advanced tools with which to analyse observations from these projects as well as upcoming facilities such as the James Webb Space Telescope.