权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

A Programme of Research in Planetary and Solar System Science - Understanding the Formation of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Compounds

行星和太阳系科学研究计划 - 了解磷和氮化合物的形成

基本信息

批准号：
ST/P000517/1
负责人：
Paul Seakins
金额：
$ 52.31万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FP000517%2F1
关键词：
Programme Research Planetary Solar System

项目摘要

Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N) are important components of biologically interesting molecules. This consolidated proposal contains two projects; firstly looking at mechanisms of generating bioavailable phosphorus released from meteoric particles in the atmospheres of early Earth, Mars and Venus and secondly examining the incorporation of atomic nitrogen into complex organic molecules relevant for the production of astrobiologically interesting compounds and aerosol particles in Titan's atmosphere (one of Saturn's moons).Phosphorus and the Inner Planets - The major route to the generation of atmospheric phosphorus is its release as meteoric particles burn up in the upper atmospheres of the inner planets. We seek to characterize this process and to determine the amount of P entering into the atmosphere. Once released elemental P will start to be oxidized by O, OH, O2 and O3. We have identified crucial steps in this oxidation process that can lead to phosphorus compounds, phosphates and phosphites, which have markedly different bioavailability on reaching the planet's surface. We will combine our meteor ablation studies and kinetic data within atmospheric models to determine the relative efficiency of phosphate and phosphite production and estimate the total flux of P to the planet surface. The project links to on-going studies of the Martian atmosphere such as the MAVEN project.Nitrogen and Titan - Titan is an interesting solar body, like Earth its atmosphere is predominantly nitrogen, N2, but Titan is surrounded by an orange haze comprised of aerosol particles containing complex organic molecules. The exact composition and mechanism of formation of these particles is unknown. For the last 10 years or so, the Cassini mission has been sending back data on Titan (and Saturn) which has stimulated research in a variety of areas.Nitrogen is generally extremely unreactive in Titan's lower atmosphere, however, in the upper reaches of Titan's atmosphere absorption of high energy radiation and other processes generate N atoms. We will characterize critical reactions in the incorporation of these atomic species into the hydrocarbons that exist in Titan's atmosphere. The HCN molecule lies at the heart of this chemistry, yet there is very poor agreement between measurements and models of this species. We will use our laboratory data (measurements of the rates of these reactions at the cold temperatures and low pressures of Titan's upper atmosphere) and atmospheric models to try and close the gap between measurements and models and to assess the mechanisms by which N is incorporated into Titan's haze layer.

磷（P）和氮（N）是生物活性分子的重要组成部分。这一合并提案包括两个项目;首先着眼于早期地球大气中的流星颗粒释放的生物可利用磷的产生机制，第二，研究氮原子与复杂有机分子的结合，这些有机分子与土卫六大气层中天体生物学上有趣的化合物和气溶胶颗粒的产生有关（土星的卫星之一）。磷和内行星--大气中磷的主要生成途径是在内行星的上层大气中流星粒子燃烧时释放出来。我们试图描述这一过程，并确定进入大气中的P量。一旦释放，元素P将开始被O、OH、O2和O3氧化。我们已经确定了这个氧化过程中的关键步骤，这些步骤可以导致磷化合物，磷酸盐和亚磷酸盐，它们在到达地球表面时具有明显不同的生物利用度。我们将联合收割机结合大气模型中的流星消融研究和动力学数据，以确定磷酸盐和亚磷酸盐生产的相对效率，并估计P到行星表面的总通量。氮和土卫六--土卫六是一个有趣的太阳系天体，和地球一样，它的大气主要是氮，N2，但土卫六被一层橙子薄雾包围，这些薄雾由含有复杂有机分子的气溶胶颗粒组成。这些颗粒的确切组成和形成机制尚不清楚。在过去的10年左右，卡西尼号使命一直在发回土卫六（和土星）的数据，这刺激了许多领域的研究。氮在土卫六的低层大气中通常是非常不活泼的，然而，在土卫六的大气层的上游，吸收高能辐射和其他过程产生N原子。我们将描述这些原子物种进入泰坦大气中存在的碳氢化合物的关键反应。HCN分子是这种化学的核心，但这种物质的测量和模型之间的一致性非常差。我们将使用我们的实验室数据（在泰坦高层大气的低温和低压下测量这些反应的速率）和大气模型来尝试缩小测量和模型之间的差距，并评估N被纳入泰坦阴霾层的机制。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Injection of meteoric phosphorus into planetary atmospheres

DOI：
10.1016/j.pss.2020.104926
发表时间：
2020-08
期刊：
Planetary and Space Science
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
J. Carrillo-Sánchez;D. Bones;K. Douglas;G. Flynn;S. Wirick;B. Fegley;T. Araki;B. Kaulich;J. Pl
通讯作者：
J. Carrillo-Sánchez;D. Bones;K. Douglas;G. Flynn;S. Wirick;B. Fegley;T. Araki;B. Kaulich;J. Pl

Experimental study of the removal of excited state phosphorus atoms by H$_{2}$O and H$_{2}$: implications for the formation of PO in stellar winds

H$_{2}$O 和 H$_{2}$ 去除激发态磷原子的实验研究：对恒星风中 PO 形成的影响